Efficient removal of Cr(VI) by a 3D Z-scheme TiO2-ZnxCd1-xS graphene aerogel via synergy of adsorption and photocatalysis under visible light

Efficient and robust photocatalysts for environmental pollutants removal with outstanding stability have great significance. Herein, we report a kind of three dimensional (3D) photocatalyst presented as Z-scheme heterojunction, which combining TiO 2 and Zn x Cd 1- x S with graphene aerogel to contrast TiO 2 -Zn x Cd 1- x S graphene aerogel (TSGA, x = 0.5) through a moderate hydrothermal process. The as-prepared Z-scheme TSGA was used to remove aqueous Cr(VI) via a synergistic effect of adsorption and visible light photocatalysis. The adsorption equilibrium can be reached about 40 min, then after about 30 min irradiation under visiblelight (wavelength ( λ) > 420 nm) the removal rate of Cr(VI) almost reached 100%, which is much better than the performance of pristine TiO 2 and Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 S, as well as TiO 2 graphene aerogel (TGA) and Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 S graphene aerogel (SGA). The virulent Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III) with hypotoxicity after photocatalysis on TSGA, meanwhile the as-synthesized TSGA presented a good stability and reusability. The reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets between TiO 2 and Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 S played a role as charge transfer mediator, promoting the photoinduced electrons transfer and photocatalysis ability of TSGA was enhanced significantly. Hence,such photocatalyst exhibits a potential application on removing heavy metals with high efficiency and stability from polluted aqueous environment.     

皮革铬鞣废水回收利用中铬渣的铬量测定

本文研究了皮革铬鞣废水中铬的定性特征曲线。利用吸光度加合定律对大量实测数据进行统计处理。建立测定铬的实验室校准直线方程,相关系数γ＝０．９９６０．以此作为测定铬鞣废水及回收铬渣中铬量的实验室回归直线方程。并对本法的可靠性进行研究,结果令人满意。本法不仅大大简化了铬量测定的步骤．而且在提高分析效率的同时获得同等的检测结果。     

膨胀石墨对U(VI)的吸附特性

高温加热可膨胀石墨制得膨胀石墨,用于去除溶液中的U(VI)。通过静态吸附实验,研究了初始pH、吸附剂投加量、U(VI)初始浓度、温度以及吸附时间对膨胀石墨吸附U(VI)效果的影响。实验结果表明,膨胀石墨吸附U(VI)的最佳pH为6.5,在温度为30℃,投加量为2.0 g/L,U(VI)初始质量浓度为10 mg/L时,对U(VI)的去除率达到98.08%,反应在4 h达到平衡。Langmuir等温吸附模型和准二级动力学模型较好地拟合了吸附过程,30℃时饱和吸附量为27.03 mg/g;热力学分析表明,膨胀石墨对U(VI)的吸附是自发的放热反应。比表面积测试、扫描电镜、X射线能谱与傅里叶红外光谱分析结果表明,膨胀石墨对U(VI)的吸附以物理吸附为主,表面官能团起辅助作用。解吸实验证明,膨胀石墨是可重复利用的吸附剂。     

铬污染场地渣土混合物的化学还原修复

针对目前铬污染场地表层重污染铬渣混土难处理的问题,选用河南义马某铬盐厂铬渣堆场表层渣土混合物为研究对象,在分析其理化特性的基础上,研究CaS4、FeSO4·7H2O和葡萄糖3种还原药剂对Cr(VI) 的还原效率,通过改变药剂投加量、反应体系pH、反应时间等条件,优化修复工艺参数。结果表明,3种还原药剂对渣土混合物的最佳还原效率大小为CaS4(98.50%)>FeSO4·7H2O(72.21%)>葡萄糖(51.45%)。CaS4还原修复渣土混合物的最优工艺参数为：药剂投加量为还原反应理论当量的2倍,体系pH在3～9,反应时间0.5 h。     

混合填充体系对铬渣中六价铬的阻留作用

以铬渣和粉煤灰为混合填充体系的主要填料，采用柱子淋洗法，通过改变混合填料的配比来研究其对铬渣中Cr(Ⅵ)的阻留作用。试验结果表明，各种混合填充体系对Cr(Ⅵ)均有一定程度的阻留作用，其中I—5校对Cr(Ⅵ)的阻留固定效果最佳，淋出液中Cr(Ⅵ)的质量分数为0．删％，相对阻留效果达94．53％。     

周期换向电絮凝法用于处理含铬废水研究

以铁作为极板,采用周期换向电絮凝法处理含铬废水,考察了初始pH值,电流密度,处理时间,初始质量浓度及周期换向时间等因素的影响.结果表明,在初始pH值为8.0~9.0,电流密度为16.37A/m2,处理时间为3.0min,初始浓度为40mg/l时,总铬和六价铬的去除效果理想,去除率均在99.5%以上;10~15min的换向周期在一定程度上解决了极板钝化问题,可降低10%~20%的能耗.实验结果表明周期换向电絮凝法处理含铬废水效果好,且可降低能耗.     

Cd、Cr(VI)及复合污染对鲫鱼组织酯酶同工酶的影响

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的方法研究了Cd、Cr(VI)单一及复合污染对鲫鱼组织酯酶(Est)同工酶的影响.结果表明,Cd、Cr(VI)单一及复合污染造成的Est同工酶变化都体现在酶的相对量(活性)上,没有发现新酶带的出现;Cd对鲫鱼肝酯酶同工酶带的影响大于Cr(VI),而对脑酯酶同工酶带的影响弱于Cr(VI);Cd、Cr(VI)复合污染显示出协同效应的趋势.     

农林生物质在含铬废水处理中的应用

农林生物质作为低成本吸附剂在环境污染治理中日益受到重视。综述了农林生物质在含铬废水处理中的应用研究进展，分析了生物质处理含铬废水的机理、影响因素，指出了生物质法处理含铬废水的发展方向。     

Speciation of heavy metals in estuarine sediments in the northeast of Brazil

An analytical procedure involving a three-step sequential extraction was used to determine the chemical association of heavy metals (Zn, Cr, Mn and Fe) with the major phases (exchangable, reducible and oxidizable) in samples from a fishpond of estuarine sediments. The pond is located in the Capibaribe River estuary, within the boundaries of the city of Recife, in the State of Pernambuco in the northeast of Brazil. The total metal content was determined as well. All metals were extracted from the residual fraction at a percentage greater than 50%.     

含铬电镀废水的资源化处理

针对电镀厂产生的高浓度含铬废水,研究了硫化钠还原沉淀法回收电镀废水中的铬的可能性。讨论了pH、投药量、反应时间和搅拌速率等变量对铬回收效果的影响。结果表明:在pH1.6,工业硫化钠(60%)投加量为4.0g/L废水,搅拌速率170r/min和反应时间t=90min的条件下能够将原水中初始浓度为533.1mg/L的三价铬C(rⅢ)和530.0mg/L的六价铬[C(rⅥ)]分别降到42.9mg/L和0.01mg/L。此时铬渣中三氧化二铬(Cr2O3)含量为29.5%,满足回用要求。接下来,为了进一步去除残余的三价铬C(rⅢ),利用正交试验设计讨论了重金属捕集剂(FZ)对其去除的最佳条件。在上述条件下出水中总铬(TCr)浓度最终降到0.94mg/L。