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31.
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电石渣和铝土粉的高温燃烧脱硫特性及微观分析 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
研究了电石渣和铝土粉作为燃煤添加剂的高温脱硫特性及其微观反应机理,发现在1200℃下燃煤中同时添加电石渣和铝土粉时,低温硫析出峰与只添加电石渣时几乎一致,而高温硫析出峰则大大降低,从而使脱硫率由30.5%明显提高到45.19%.XRD和SEM分析表明:电石渣中富含的CaO以及铝土粉中富含的Al2O3,与燃煤固硫过程中生成的部分CaSO4在高温下反应生成了耐热物相“硫铝酸钙”,是钙铝基添加剂比单纯钙基具有更高脱硫率的最主要原因.另外铝土粉增强了电石渣燃煤固硫渣的熔融程度,从而使硅酸盐熔融物有更多机会将CaSO4等固硫产物包裹以抑制其高温分解,是它具有更高脱硫率的另一个原因. 相似文献
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以铬渣和粉煤灰为混合填充体系的主要填料,采用柱子淋洗法,通过改变混合填料的配比来研究其对铬渣中Cr(Ⅵ)的阻留作用。试验结果表明,各种混合填充体系对Cr(Ⅵ)均有一定程度的阻留作用,其中I—5校对Cr(Ⅵ)的阻留固定效果最佳,淋出液中Cr(Ⅵ)的质量分数为0.删%,相对阻留效果达94.53%。 相似文献
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通过室内模拟试验,在渗滤液回灌的厌氧填埋柱基本进入稳定状态后,改用准好氧运行方式。同时监测了渗滤液中有机物浓度以压温度、pH值的变化。改变模拟垃圾柱的运行方式两个月以后。氨氯浓度由2000mg/L迅速下降至101.48mg/L,试验结果显示,准好氧运行方式可以解决生物反应器填埋场进入稳定阶段后存在的氨氮浓度高的问题,加速填埋场的稳定。 相似文献
37.
Michelle L. Soupir Saied Mostaghimi Amanda Masters Katherine A. Flahive David H. Vaughan Aida Mendez Phillip W. McClellan 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2004,40(1):53-66
ABSTRACT: Erosion from construction sites significantly affects water quality in receiving streams. A rainfall simulator was used to evaluate the effectiveness of different methods for controlling erosion from construction sites. Erosion control methods investigated included dry and liquid applications of polyacrylamide (PAM), hydroseed, and straw mulch. Fertilizer was also applied to each plot to examine the effectiveness of the methods in reducing nutrient losses in runoff. Runoff samples were analyzed for total suspended solids (TSS), nitrate, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), ammonium, total phosphorus (TP), and orthophosphate. Among all treatments investigated, straw mulch was the most effective treatment for controlling TSS and nutrient losses during short term and long term simulations. The low liquid PAM (half the recommended PAM) treatment resulted in the highest reduction in runoff, TSS bound nitrogen, and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations and loadings. The study results indicate that a high application rate (twice the recommended rate) of PAM could actually increase runoff and TSS losses. At a low application rate, both liquid and dry PAM were effective in reducing TSS and nutrient losses in runoff. However, application of the liquid form of PAM to construction sites is more practical and perhaps more economical than applying the PAM in the dry form. 相似文献
38.
采用微波消解-光度法处理钻井液废水中的总铬。该方法克服了常规消解方法的缺点,测定步骤简单、快速,准确性高。通过实验探讨了微波功率、加热时间、样品体积对样品消解的影响。与常压的硫酸-硝酸消解法进行比较的结果表明,用微波消解-光度法处理泥浆废水可将消解时间由原来的6h缩短为20min,加标回收率由60%提高到92%,降低了工作强度,改善了工作环境。 相似文献
39.
Payal Shah Mindy L. Mallory Amy W. Ando Glenn R. Guntenspergen 《Conservation biology》2017,31(2):278-289
Climate‐change induced uncertainties in future spatial patterns of conservation‐related outcomes make it difficult to implement standard conservation‐planning paradigms. A recent study translates Markowitz's risk‐diversification strategy from finance to conservation settings, enabling conservation agents to use this diversification strategy for allocating conservation and restoration investments across space to minimize the risk associated with such uncertainty. However, this method is information intensive and requires a large number of forecasts of ecological outcomes associated with possible climate‐change scenarios for carrying out fine‐resolution conservation planning. We developed a technique for iterative, spatial portfolio analysis that can be used to allocate scarce conservation resources across a desired level of subregions in a planning landscape in the absence of a sufficient number of ecological forecasts. We applied our technique to the Prairie Pothole Region in central North America. A lack of sufficient future climate information prevented attainment of the most efficient risk‐return conservation outcomes in the Prairie Pothole Region. The difference in expected conservation returns between conservation planning with limited climate‐change information and full climate‐change information was as large as 30% for the Prairie Pothole Region even when the most efficient iterative approach was used. However, our iterative approach allowed finer resolution portfolio allocation with limited climate‐change forecasts such that the best possible risk‐return combinations were obtained. With our most efficient iterative approach, the expected loss in conservation outcomes owing to limited climate‐change information could be reduced by 17% relative to other iterative approaches. 相似文献
40.
Timothée Schwartz Aurélien Besnard Christophe Pin Olivier Scher Thomas Blanchon Arnaud Béchet Nicolas Sadoul 《Conservation biology》2023,37(2):e14005
By rapidly modifying key habitat components, habitat restoration is at risk of producing attractive cues for animals without providing habitats of sufficient quality. As such, individual fitness components, such as reproduction, could be reduced and restored habitats could become ecological traps. This risk notably appears by using artificial constructions in restoration projects, yet few studies have evaluated their efficacy in a robust way. We investigated this by analyzing 154 islets that were created or restored to improve the conservation status of 7 colonial Laridae species in the South of France. From 2007 to 2016, we compared occupancy dynamics and breeding parameters of these species between the restored sites and 846 unmanaged nesting sites. We also explored species’ preference for different nesting site characteristics and their respective effect on breeding parameters. Restored nesting sites were 2–9 times as attractive as unmanaged sites for all species except the Black-headed Gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus). Colonization probability was up to 100 times higher in sites already used by other species the previous year and increased with distance to the shore until >0.2 when distance was over 250 m. Abandonment probability was 29–70% lower when breeding was successful the previous year in all species except the Sandwich Tern (Thalasseus sandvicensis). Productivity and breeding success probability were 2 times higher on managed sites. Distance from the shore was an important attractive characteristic of artificial nesting sites in all species. Other nesting site characteristics had species-specific effects on colonization, abandonment, and breeding success. Our results indicate that managed nesting sites are successful conservation tools for colonial Laridae in the Mediterranean and do not act as ecological traps. Our study showed that testing the ecological trap hypothesis is a robust way to evaluate the success of restoration projects of breeding habitats. 相似文献