铬在稳定塘系统中的迁移分布和归宿

含铬污水进入混合较好的稳定塘系统时,铬在其中累积,其累积规律可用如下数学模式描述: 稳定塘系统能较好地去除污水中的铬。被去除的铬主要转入塘底沉积物中。塘中放养凤眼莲能提高除铬效果,因为放养凤眼莲能使铬更充分有效地沉降。能否充分地运用有利于悬浮微粒聚结沉降的技术和措施,是设计除铬或类似重金属稳定塘系统成功与否的关键之一。     

Distribution of actinomycetes in oil contaminated ultisols of the Niger Delta (Nigeria)

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＡｃｔｉｎｏｍｙｃｅｔｅｓ(ｆｉｌａｍｅｎｔｏｕｓｂａｃｔｅｒｉａ)ｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅａｇｒｏｕｐｏｆｍｉｃｒｏｏｒｇａｎｉｓｍｓｔｈａｔｉｓｗｉｄｅｌｙｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄｉｎｓｏｉｌ.Ｐｌａｔｉｎｇｅｓｔｉｍａｔｅｓｇｉｖｅｖａｌｕｅｓｒａｎｇｉｎｇｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ 10 5ａｎｄ 10 8ｃｏｌｏｎｙｆｏｒｍｉｎｇｕｎｉｔｓ(ｃｆｕ) ｐｅｒｇｒａｍｏｆｓｏｉｌｉｎｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｅｚｏｎｅａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈｌｏｗｅｒｖａｌｕｅｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｒｅｃｏｒｄｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｒｅｇｉｏ…     

新疆核试验场周围地区主要食品中90Sr(锶)、137Cs(铯)水平及其所致居民剂量

本文报道了新疆核试验场周围地区9个调查区17种主要食品中⁹⁰Sr、¹³⁷Cs含量分别为1.1~72.3,0.3~40.7×10^-2Bq·Kg^-1;3个对照区分别为1.6~68.4,0.6~27.4×10^-2Bq·Kg^-1。两地区同类食品中⁹⁰Sr、¹³⁷Cs平均含量基本一致。调查区⁹⁰Sr、¹³⁷Cs所致成年居民有效剂量当量值分别为2μSV(集体剂量当量为30.0人· SV);0.3μSV(4.5人· SV)。对照区分别为2.2μSV(集体剂量当量为20.9人·SV);0.4μSV(3.0人·SV)。可见我国核试验产生的⁹⁰Sr、¹³⁷Cs对核试验场周围地区食品没有造成明显的局部污染,所致居民剂量当量负担仅为我国天然外照射所致年有效剂量当量(952μSV)的0.2%和0.03%。对该地区的广大居民健康不会产生有害的影响。     

Alpha-tocopherol supplementation on chromium toxicity: a study on rat liver and kidney cell membrane

Membrane damage is one of the important consequence of chromium,an environmental toxicant,to produce cytotoxicity.α-tocopherol,a membrane protectant can be used to reduce the chromium-induced membrane damage.In the present study,the impact of chromium in presence and absence of α-tocopherol was studied on plasma membrane of live and kidney in male Wistar rats(80-100g body weight).Significant increase in membrane cholesterol level as well as significant decrease in membrane phospholipid level in chromium exposed(0.8mg/100g body weight/d,i.p.,for 4 weeks)animals suggest structural alteration of both liver and kidney plasma memebrane.The alkaline phosphatase,total ATPase and Na^ -K^ -ATPase activities of plasma membrane were significantly decreased in both liver and kidney after chromium treatment.However,α-tocopherol (30mg/100g diet)supplementation can restrict the changes in these membrane-bound enzyme activities.Thus,the usefulness of dietary supplementation of α-tocopherol to restrain the chromium-induced membrane damage is suggested.     

Analysis on sensitivity and landscape ecological spatial structure of site resources

Ｎａｔｕｒａｌｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ(ｌａｎｄｆｏｒｍ ,ｇｅｏｌｏｇｙ ,ｈｙｄｒｏｌｏｇｙ,ｃｒｅａｔｕｒｅ ,ｅｃｏｌｏｇｙｅｔｃ .) ,ｈｕｍａｎｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ (ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ ,ｅｃｏｎｏｍｙ,ｌｏｃａｔｉｏｎｅｔｃ .)ａｎｄｌａｎｄｓｃａｐｅｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｓｐａｔｉａｌｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｏｆａｃｅｒｔａｉｎｐｌａｃｅｃａｎｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅｉｔｓｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｐａｔｔｅｒｎｓａｎｄｌａｎｄｓｃａｐｅａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｉｔｓｌｉｍｉｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍ…     

总铬分析方法的改进

主要介绍总铬分析方法的改进试验。经过多次试验，将废水中总铬分析方法的消解－氧化操作步骤作了部分的改进后，其分析结果与标准方法（国家环保局的《水和废水的监测分析方法》第三版）比较无显著性差异，由于本方法不易造成总铬成份的损失，因此，在一定程度上提高了精密度和稳定性，简化操作，缩短分析时间，提高了工作效率，节约了试剂，取得了较好的效果。     

几种碱性废渣脱硫性能的比较研究

以吸收瓶为实验装置研究了几种碱性废渣的脱硫容量。实验结果表明 ,电石渣、碱渣、废大理石和石灰石的脱硫容量分别为 0 85、0 75 ,0 6 2和 0 5 8gSO2 g脱硫剂。旋流板塔试验主要参数对脱硫率的影响结果表明 ,入塔浆液pH值越大 ,液气比L G越大 ,脱硫率η也越高 ;入塔SO2 浓度y0 越高 ,脱硫率η越低。模拟工业试验结果表明 ,对电石渣和碱渣 ,控制浆液pH >7,L G =2～ 3L m3时 ,η可达 6 5 %以上 ;对废大理石和石灰石 ,控制浆液pH为 6 5 ,L G =4～6L m3时 ,η可达 6 0 %以上。从以上结果来看 ,作为脱硫剂 ,电石渣脱硫效果最好 ,碱渣次之 ,最后是废大理石和石灰石。电石渣和碱渣显示了良好的应用前景     

Soil heavy metal pollution from Pb/Zn smelting regions in China and the remediation potential of biomineralization

Smelting activities pose serious environmental problems due to the local and regional heavy metal pollution in soils they cause. It is therefore important to understand the pollution situation and its source in the contaminated soils. In this paper, data on heavy metal pollution in soils resulting from Pb/Zn smelting (published in the last 10 years) in China was summarized. The heavy metal pollution was analyzed from a macroscopic point of view. The results indicated that Pb, Zn, As and Cd were common contaminants that were present in soils with extremely high concentrations. Because of the extreme carcinogenicity, genotoxicity and neurotoxicity that heavy metals pose, remediation of the soils contaminated by smelting is urgently required. The primary anthropogenic activities contributing to soil pollution in smelting areas and the progressive development of accurate source identification were performed. Due to the advantages of biominerals, the potential of biomineralization for heavy metal contaminated soils was introduced. Furthermore, the prospects of geochemical fraction analysis, combined source identification methods as well as several optimization methods for biomineralization are presented, to provide a reference for pollution investigation and remediation in smelting contaminated soils in the future.     

铬在土壤和地下水中的相互迁移规律及地下水中铬的去除方法

本文以泰安市一处多年前受电镀铬严重污染地区为研究对象,对比研究六价铬在不同岩土中吸附、转化及迁移的特征和规律,铬易在水土共存的含水层中富集,并可转移到地下水中.土壤中三价铬可引起潜在的危害.水体中六价铬在富氧的情况下是稳定的,并能维持一个较长的时期.铁盐是一种较好的除铬剂,可以有效地去除水中六价铬离子,从而提高了地下水的利用价值.     

风化铬渣与新鲜铬渣中六价铬溶出特性的研究

采用直接淋浸法对风化铬渣及新鲜铬渣进行了六谷铬溶出的条件试验，60min的浸泡时间，80目以下的粒度对渣水比250g/200mL的新渣中Cr(VI)浸出率达69．4％，渣水比250g/200mL,500g/400mL,750g/600mL的风化渣中Cr(VI)的总溶出率分别为70．2％，86．3％，94．0％，其中第一次淋滤溶出率分别达48．1％，70．0％，81．6％，低PH值的淋浸水有利于Cr(VI)的浸出，在PH值为3时溶出率达高峰，Cr（VI）浸出质量比自然条件（近中性）高出14．1％－16．3％，增大管径和降低装置的滤面负荷可提高浸出效果，在直径80mm管径，500g铬渣装填料，滤面负荷9．95g/cm^2时，Cr（VI）溶出率达98．7％，真空抽滤可提高Cr（VI）浸出速率，但降低了滤液中Cr（VI）的浓度和溶出质量，上述试验结果表明了直接淋浸法回收铬渣中六价铬的可行性，并可作为工业化装置的设计参数。