建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测点位、监测因子及监测频次的确定

概述了建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测点位的布设、监测因子的选择及监测频次的确定。     

焙烧酸浸联合处理电镀高铬污泥高值化利用研究

采取焙烧-酸浸方法处理电镀铬污泥生成高纯度绿铬矿(Cr₂O₃),达到将危险废物处理后变成高附加值产品资源化利用的目的 .考察了焙烧温度、酸种类、酸浓度及酸浸次数对电镀铬污泥中硫酸钠和其他重金属杂质去除的影响规律,确定最佳工艺方法及参数为1 mol·L^-1盐酸酸浸预处理-空气600℃焙烧2 h-3 mol·L^-1盐酸酸浸处理-水洗处理.经过处理后,电镀铬污泥中Na₂SO₄去除率在99%以上,产品Cr₂O₃纯度可以达到99%,平均粒径为40 nm,所制备的纳米级Cr₂O₃符合工业三氧化二铬行业标准一类优等品指标要求.产品有望用于等离子喷涂、颜料生产等领域,方法可为电镀铬污泥资源化及提高企业效益提供参考.     

明亮发光杆菌培养的响应面优化及其对常见金属离子的毒性评价研究

随着人们对金属毒性认识的不断深入,对生物毒性检测方法的灵敏度提出了更高的要求.以发光度为响应值,通过响应面法对传统的明亮发光杆菌(Photobacterium phosphoreum)培养基中主要组分的浓度进行了优化,得到了最佳培养基组成：氯化钠(25.00 g·L^-1)、胰蛋白胨(4.010 g·L^-1)、酵母浸出液(1.200 g·L^-1)、甘油(2.475 g·L^-1),在此条件下培养14 h后,发光细菌的发光度达到1.7×10⁹RLU,比优化前增加了1倍,菌浓度达到0.85,较优化前增加了5%.在优化培养基组分浓度的基础上,对其他条件(接种量、p H值、温度)进行了单因素发光度影响分析,发现在接种量1%(初始种子液OD₅₉₅为0.003),测定环境22～25℃,样品p H值为6～8的条件下,利用优化培养基进行急性毒性测定基本不会影响发光度.随后,基于优化后的培养条件对常见金属离子的急性毒性进行了评价,结果表明：除Fe²⁺、Zn...     

我国世界自然遗产地旅游业环境经济核算思路

目前，各级地方政府及旅游经营者对中国世界自然遗产地旅游价值的开发力度大，自然遗产地旅游经济发展异常繁荣，同时也带来了自然遗产地环境退化、资源破坏的严重后果。而用来衡量地区经济发展状况的传统旅游业经济核算结果仅体现旅游经济的增长与否及尺度，而忽略了旅游经济增长同时的环境、资源损耗。现借用SEEA 2000框架，结合中国国情，提出中国世界自然遗产地环境经济核算的框架，经过重新整合，突出优质而独具特色的自然环境部分的环境资产类在自然遗产地旅游业中的生产性资产地位，将原SEEA 2000中拆分核算的5大部分、10大步骤整合为4大部分、9大步骤，并对其当前可操作性进行了客观分析。并指出，虽然目前详尽执行世界自然遗产地环境经济核算有一定难度，但理清核算思路具有现实指导意义。     

中小城市污水处理厂设计中应注意的几个问题

针对当前中小城市污水处理厂设计中存在的厂址选择不合理、处理工艺盲目求新求变、设备选择不切合实际等问题进行探讨，结合已建成污水处理厂运行实际进行分析，提出优化厂址选择、结合当地实际选择处理工艺、根据需要选择设备等解决问题的办法。     

Changes in Extractability of Cr and Pb in a Polycontaminated Soil After Bioaugmentation With Microbial Producers of Biosurfactants, Organic Acids and Siderophores

Partly because of the low bioavailability of metals, the soil cleaning-up using phytoremediation is usually time-consuming. In order to enhance the amount of metals at the plant's disposal, the soil bioaugmentation coupled together with phytoextraction is an emerging technology. In this preliminary work, two agricultural soils which mainly differed in their Cr, Hg and Pb contents (LC, low-contaminated soil; HC, high-contaminated soil) were bioaugmented in laboratory conditions by either bacterial (Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens or Ralstonia metallidurans) or fungal inocula (Aspergillus niger or Penicillium simplicissimum) and incubated during three weeks. The LC soil pots bioaugmented with A. niger and P. aeruginosa contained higher concentrations of Cr (0.08 and 0.25 mg.kg⁻¹ dw soil) and Pb (0.25 and 0.3 mg.kg⁻¹ dw soil) in the exchangeable fraction F1 (extraction with MgCl₂) by comparison with the non-bioaugmented soil where neither Cr nor Pb was detected. Conversely, immobilization of Cr and Pb in the soil were observed with the other microorganisms. The soil bioaugmentation not only modified the metal speciation for the most easily extractable fractions but also modified the distribution of metals in the other fractions, to a lesser extent nevertheless. The difference in microbial concentrations between the bioaugmented or not HC soils reached up to 1.8 log units. Thus the microorganisms that we chose for the soil bioaugmentation were competitive towards the indigenous microflora. The PCA analysis showed close positive relationships between the microorganisms which potentially produced siderophores in the soil and the amount of Cr and Pb in the fraction F1.     

全面现场调查在职业病危害因素检测与评价中的重要性研究

职业病危害因素检测与评价是建立在现场卫生学调查的基础上的。本文根据职业病危害因素检测与评价的标准、规范要求，从职业病危害因素辨识、采样方案和检测方法确定、减少正式检测的工作量等方面，叙述了现场调查在职业病危害因素检测与评价中的重要性，主要有定性地鉴别工作场所存在的职业病危害因素，确定正式检测适用的方法，确保检测与评价工作的安全进行等作用。     

污染场地修复技术的种类

本文旨在归纳总结目前国内外对污染场地的修复的各种技术。认为场地修复通常包括污染土修复和含水层净化等2个方面。污染土常见的处理技术目前大致可归纳为6类，即微生物修复技术、化学处理技术、物理分离技术、固化／安定化技术、高温处理技术、植物修复技术等。而污染地下水的修复方法主要有5项：注气法、原位微生物修复技术、两相蒸气提取法、原位氧化法、原位反应墙技术等。     

人工模拟产卵地招引黄脊竹蝗产卵试验

人工模拟产卵地是根据黄脊竹蝗成虫产卵时对自然条件的选择习性,人为造就最适环境,招引成虫集中产卵,避免因林内立竹及植被较密等不利生态因素造成的见缝插针式的散产导致的产卵范围扩大以及给查卵和防治工作带来的困难.试验结果表明,在竹林透光度无差异的情况下,对照区卵块密度平均10.4块/m2,人工模拟产卵地平均为21.2块/m2,是对照的2.04倍,而产卵面积却大为缩小,对照区平均0.038hm2,模拟地均为0.01hm2,仅为对照的l/4.不仅可以诱集成虫集中产卵,便于小面积集中防治,而且还可以省工、省时、省力、省经费.     

Soil phytoremediation from the breakdown products of the chemical warfare agent, yperite

A plant-based bioremediation (phytoremediation) strategy has been developed and shown to be effective for the clean-up of soil contaminated by the breakdown products of the chemical warfare agent (CWA), yperite. The method involves exploiting the plant growth hormone, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), to intensify the phytoremediation. For determination of the yperite breakdown products, gas chromatography is used. Soil and plant samples were analysed with a gas chromatograph fitted with an atomic emission detector. The method of standard-free determination was employed to identify sulphur-containing substances (SCSs). A series of soil tests was conducted, which showed that the level of SCSs decreased 4, 8, and more than 20-fold compared with that found in contaminated soil. This decrease was dependent upon the IAA concentrations used for plant treatment. The treated plants accumulated 2.7 to 2.9-fold larger amounts of the SCSs than did the untreated plants. Owing to its simplicity, environmental safety and inexpensiveness, the method can be recommended for the restoration of soil fertility in areas of storage and destruction of blister CWAs.