Nitrogen evolution during the co-combustion of hydrothermally treated municipal solid waste and coal in a bubbling fluidized bed

Nitrogen evolution was studied during the co-combustion of hydrothermally treated municipal solid wastes (HT MSW) and coal in a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB). HT MSW blending ratios as 10%, 20% and 30% (wt.%) were selected and tested at 700, 800, 900 °C. Emissions of NO and N₂O from blends were measured and compared with the results of mono-combustion trials. Moreover, concentrations of precursors like NH₃ and HCN were also quantified. The results are summarized as follows: NO emissions were predominant in all the cases, which rose with increasing temperature. The blending of HT MSW contributed to the NO reduction. N₂O emissions decreased with temperature rising and the blending of HT MSW also presented positive effects. At 30% HT MSW addition, both NO and N₂O emissions showed the lowest values (391.85 ppm and 55.33 ppm, respectively at 900 °C). For the precursors, more HCN was detected than NH₃ and both played important roles on the gas side nitrogen evolution.     

燃煤电厂烟塔合一排烟风洞试验与数值模拟对比分析

近年来,燃煤电厂烟塔合一烟气排烟对近距离环境影响的不确定性,使其在国内的推广过程受到一定限制。准确判断烟塔合一排烟的环境影响,对于我国现有燃煤电厂烟气污染物的排放有着巨大的工程价值和明显的现实意义。利用国家环境保护某重点实验室中风洞试验平台,对燃煤电厂烟塔合一烟气污染物在近距离的扩散和传输行为,进行物理风洞试验以及数值模拟计算,并进行对比分析。结果表明:德国Austal2000模式的浓度预测并不精确;数值风洞也有其差异性,而物理风洞的结果在很大程度上符合现有的理论及国内工程实际。     

崇明东滩湿地干湿交替过程脲酶活性变化初探

以典型滨海湿地——崇明东滩为原型区域,采集湿地沉积物及海水样品,通过土柱模拟方法(30、35、40℃),研究了半月潮(15d左右为周期的"大潮")与日潮(一个太阴日内出现的涨潮和落潮)水分生态过程沉积物脲酶(Urease)活性及溶解性有机氮(DON)与铵态氮(NH+4-N)含量等的变化,计算了Urease活性的表观温度敏感性系数(Q’10),旨为揭示典型滨海湿地潮汐驱动下周期性干湿交替过程沉积物Urease活性的变化规律.半月潮过程,干燥沉积物(1%~3%)淹水后,Urease活性迅速增加.随着沉积物变干,酶活性逐渐下降.Urease活性对沉积物水分变化的敏感性随干湿交替频次的增加而下降.日潮过程对Urease活性的影响较小.30、35、40℃下,酶活性分别为(0.067±0.018)、(0.143±0.027)、(0.028±0.011)g·(10 g·h)-1.相比较而言,半月潮过程Urease活性明显低于日潮过程.这表明,干湿交替显著降低了沉积物Urease活性(30、35℃).半月潮过程中,沉积物Urease活性Q’10的最高值出现在35~40℃,而日潮过程中出现在30~35℃.因此,干湿交替可能增高了Urease活性Q’10的温度响应范围.此外,半月潮过程中,Urease活性主导着沉积物NH+4-N含量的变化(30、35℃),但其与DON含量之间并无显著相关性.日潮过程Urease活性与NH+4-N和DON含量之间均不显著相关.     

流化床O2/CO2气氛下添加SiO2对燃煤PM2.5的控制

采用小型流化床研究了在O2/CO2气氛下添加SiO2对PM2.5(空气动力学直径小于2.5 μm的颗粒物)的控制,试验在1123 K、O2/CO2气氛下进行,并采用荷电低压撞击器(ELPI)采集和分析燃烧后的PM2.5.结果表明,添加SiO2是燃烧过程中影响PM2.5生成的重要因素.添加SiO2后,生成PM1的质量浓度均降低,而PM1-2.5的质量浓度均略有增加;PM2.5质量粒径分布均呈双峰分布,峰值分别出现在0.2 μm和2.0μm左右.随着SiO2添加量的增加,PM2.5中的S、K、Na、Cu和Pb元素的含量呈减少的趋势;随着颗粒粒径减小,S、K、Na、Cu和Pb元素的含量有增高的趋势.     

流化床焚烧含盐苯胺废液的NOx排放特性

在流化床焚烧实验装置上进行含盐苯胺(C6H5NH2)废液的焚烧实验研究,用IMR-IMR2800P废气分析仪对焚烧尾气成分进行了在线监测,考察了焚烧工艺条件对NOx排放浓度的影响规律.结果显示:采用分级燃烧工艺和提高焚烧温度,可以降低NOx浓度;增大进料速率却导致NOx排放浓度的增加.当过剩空气系数(α)低于1.0时,NOx排放浓度随着α的增大急剧上升;大于1.1时,NOx排放浓度随α增加而减小.苯胺废液高温焚烧时添加氯化钠能降低NOx排放.     

Pollutant emission characteristics of rice husk combustion in a vortexing fluidized bed incinerator

Rice husk with high volatile content was burned in a pilot scale vortexing fluidized bed incinerator. The fluidized bed incinerator was constructed of 6 mm stainless steel with 0.45 m in diameter and 5 m in height. The emission characteristics of CO, NO, and SO2 were studied. The effects of operating parameters, such as primary air flow rate, secondary air flow rate, and excess air ratio on the pollutant emissions were also investigated. The results show that a large proportion of combustion occurs at the bed surface and the freeboard zone. The SO2 concentration in the flue gas decreases with increasing excess air ratio, while the NOx concentration shows reverse trend. The flow rate of secondary air has a significant impact on the CO emission. For a fixed primary air flowrate, CO emission decreases with the secondary air flowrate. For a fixed excess air ratio, CO emission decreases with the ratio of secondary to primary air flow. The minimum CO emission of 72 ppm is attained at the operating condition of 40% excess air ratio and 0.6 partition air ratio. The NOx and SO2 concentrations in the flue gas at this condition are 159 and 36 ppm, which conform to the EPA regulation of Taiwan.     

放射性废物桶内干燥整备研究进展

桶内干燥具有很高的减容比,已经逐渐被国外核电站用来处理放射性废液,为我国核电废物贮存和处理提供了一条新的途径。详细介绍了电加热、热风加热和微波加热3种桶内干燥装置的研究应用实例,主要内容包括干燥装置的过程控制、干燥产量(蒸发速率和进料速率)、干燥产物的含水率和减容比。通过分析对比得出,电加热和热空气加热型装置投入产出高,但仅适合流动和传热好的废物整备;微波加热型装置前期投入大,适用却更广,尤其适合底泥等一类含有有机物质的废物。     

有实效性选择过喷漆废水处理药剂的简易方式

随着油漆的多样化,在喷涂过程中产生的过喷漆废水中含有的油漆种类也随之增加和变化。在众多的试剂产品中,寻找出有效的处理过喷漆废水的药剂,显得尤为重要。因此为了使实验结论等同于实际运行结果,经过多种模拟实验和实际运行的对比,总结出了适合现场简易操作的实验方法,可有效提前预料实际运行效果。     

微压流化式复合生物反应器处理含酚废水效能的研究

通过连续动态试验,对新型微压流化式复合生物反应器(MP-FHBR)处理模拟苯酚废水的效能进行研究.结果表明,MP-FHBR的COD容积负荷可达4.86kg/(m3·d)、苯酚容积负荷可达1.96kg/(m3·d),出水COD低于200mg/L、出水苯酚浓度低于1mg/L,COD和苯酚去除率分别达到90%和99%以上.当苯酚容积负荷达到2.04kg/(m3·d),苯酚在反应器中逐渐累积,反应器内微生物的TTC-比脱氢酶活性下降.当MP-FHBR进水苯酚浓度为800mg/L时,最佳水力停留时间为9～10h.水力负荷对反应器沉淀池的泥水分离效果影响较大,限制了反应器的进水量,所以MP-FHBR主要适用于处理较高浓度的含酚废水.     

辅料配比对污泥生物-物理联合干燥的影响

利用自主研制的污泥生物-物理联合干燥反应系统研究了脱水污泥∶树皮∶回流污泥分别为7∶3∶0.5、9∶3∶0.5和12∶3∶0.5时,污泥生物-物理联合干燥过程中温度、含水率等参数的变化规律.结果表明,污泥温度随干燥时间延长先增大后减小,含水率在0～96 h逐渐降低,继续延长反应时间,则变化不明显.当脱水污泥∶树皮∶回流...