印染废水混凝脱色药剂的选择与污泥干化的综合研究

本文通过对印染废水的大量试验与实际应用,从混凝脱色药剂的选择与污泥干化两个方面详细分析了各种药剂的混凝脱色效果以及对污泥干化的影响,并总结出对不同印染厂所应采用的有效经济的混凝脱色药剂.     

添加石灰对污泥恶臭挥发的影响

探索了污泥添加石灰后在常温及热干燥下恶臭的挥发特性。结果表明:污泥的VOCs中含有25种化合物,SVOC含有14种化合物,绝大部分是恶臭化合物。在污泥中添加10%的生石灰高效混合后,污泥中还原性硫化物的浓度持续升高,NH3释放速率也急剧上升,但CO2和ATP急剧下降,300℃下干燥,原泥共挥发出32种恶臭物质,添加石灰后共挥发出36种恶臭物质,25种恶臭物质浓度均有增加,添加石灰对污泥的致臭集团没有改变。导致恶臭增加的主要原因是产生的碱性环境促进了污泥氮的氨化过程,也促进了污泥中不稳定的含硫化合物挥发。     

Predictor-LimA软件在冷却塔噪声预测中的应用研究

以某运行的冷却塔机组项目为研究对象,采用Predictor-LimA噪声软件对其进行噪声预测,计算出厂界及声环境敏感点的噪声预测值,并模拟出噪声影响地图,通过对噪声预测值与实测值的对比分析,得出预测值与实测值相差较小,验证了Predictor-LimA软件在冷却塔噪声预测的适用性,为冷却塔噪声影响评价工作提供了技术依据。     

卷烟厂技改项目的异味气体治理工程

某卷烟厂根据"十一五规划"进行异地扩建,重新建设一套异味气体污染治理工程。针对车间排风量大和异味气体释放点源多特点,采取治理工艺各有不同,既达到相应处理效果又节省投资;采用注入式低温等离子体工艺强化对异味气体处理,解决了设备受污染和大风量异味气体难处理等问题,成为整套治理工艺的特色。     

脱水污泥颗粒等温干燥特性实验研究

采用3种不同类型的脱水污泥(消化污泥、曝气生物滤池污泥和剩余污泥),制成3种粒度的污泥颗粒,并分别在65、85、105和125 ℃条件下进行恒温干燥实验.结果表明,减小污泥颗粒和增大干燥温度均可缩短污泥完全干燥时间,提高污泥的最大干燥速率;消化污泥干燥速率最高,曝气生物滤池污泥次之,剩余污泥的干燥速率最低.通过扫描电镜分析干燥后的污泥可知,消化污泥表面非常粗糙,结构比较松散;剩余污泥表面相对比较光滑,结构密实;而曝气生物滤池污泥表面比较粗糙,结构比较致密.污泥表面的粗糙程度与等温干燥速率有密切关系.     

循环流化床锅炉脱硫效率的探讨

热电厂循环流化床锅炉通过使用燃煤中添加以石灰石为主要原料的脱硫剂的方法实现高效脱硫,具有燃烧效率高、煤种适应性宽、氮氧化物排放量低、易实现炉内高效脱硫等特点,近年来一直被热电行业广泛运用。循环流化床锅炉炉温较低,一般在850℃～950℃之间,便于采用脱硫剂脱硫。常用脱硫剂一般以石灰石为主要原料,采用在锅炉内直接与燃煤燃烧接触,达到燃烧中脱硫,而钙硫比的高低对炉内脱硫效果影响较大。以实际范例研究了通过物料衡算方法进行脱硫效率实验来选择脱硫剂及用量的方法。     

The “Short Cut” Approach for the Reality of Enhanced Groundwater Contamination

Based on the reality of (a) soil heterogeneity in the vadose zone, (b) enhanced desorption from soil and solubility in water of water insoluble contaminants in the presence of surfactants, and (c) wetting/drying cycles of groundwater recharge (a major cause of fractures formation), a coherent “short-cut” conceptual approach is advanced to account for enhanced groundwater contamination. This is an attempt to close the gap between theory, lab simulations and conventional modelling-based predictions, and observed higher concentrations and more rapid arrival times of contaminants reaching groundwater. Recent data concerning chloride ion and non-ionic surfactants concentrations in aquifers and groundwater wells, combined with previous results concerning the concentrations of tritium, chlorides, metals, organic hydrocarbons and surfactants in the unsaturated and saturated zones of Israel's aquifers, are accounted for in terms of the “short-cut” approach. The contradiction between predictions of groundwater contamination made with conventional, deterministic, homogeneous models and the actual observed behavior of contaminants in soils and aquifers is thus explaind. The “short cut” approach should not be perceived as a better type of model to guide modelling. Rather, it is a proposal for a conceptual change from the realistically invalid, but commonly accepted, conventional “buffer-protective soil/long-term groundwater contamination” to the “short cut” conceptual model to explain the enhanced groundwater contamination actually observed. Although the validity of the proposed approach is strongly supported by the data here presented for the case of Israel (serving as an illustrative case study), selected results and conclusions drawn from studies conducted worldwide suggest its general applicability and usefulness. A major conclusion evolved from the “short-cut” conceptual model is that contemporary groundwater management policies, based on the current perception of groundwater contamination processes and their modelling, may result in an irreversible detrimental effect on the environmental situation in the long run. In any case, prevention, rather than correction/remediation, is strongly recommended as the strategy of choice for rational long-term management of groundwater resources.