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741.
中国灾害学图书简索(二) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文搜集整理了1990年以来国内出版的有关灾害研究方面的图书,并简要介绍了其主要内容。这对了解灾害学图书的出版状况,掌握灾害科研成果的最新动向将起到一定的作用。 相似文献
742.
Landscape-level ecological regions: Linking state-level ecoregion frameworks with stream habitat classifications 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Regionalization is a form of spatial classification, where boundaries are drawn around areas that are relatively homogeneous in landscape characteristics. The process of delineating ecological regions, or ecoregions, includes the analysis of ecosystem structure. To date, ecoregions have been developed at national and state scales for research and resource management. Stream classification is another method to order the variability of aquatic habitats that spans spatial scales from microhabitat to valley segment. In this study, landscape-level ecoregions are developed for the upper Grande Ronde River basin in northeastern Oregon, 3000 sq km in area. The ecoregion framework presented here is proposed to bridge the gap between stream habitat and state-level ecoregion classifications. Classification at this scale is meant to address issues of management at local scales: to aid in sampling design, in extrapolation of the results of site-specific studies, and in the development of best management practices that are more predictive of ecosystem response than current methods. 相似文献
743.
Charles F. Rabeni Susan P. Davies K. Elizabeth Gibbs 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1985,21(3):489-497
We examined changes in certain structural and functional aspects of the benthic invertebrate community in the Penobscot River, Maine, between 1974 and 1981. During this period, two pulp and paper manufacturers and three municipalities spent an estimated $33 million to reduce point source effluents harmful to aquatic life. We developed a biotic index based on objectively derived pollution tolerance values for resident taxa. Analysis of the benthic invertebrate community indicated that substantial improvement in water quality had resulted from pollution abatement. We established a four-group water quality classification scheme based on biotic index ranges, and showed that every site that was not in the best water quality classification in 1974 improved its classification to a better water quality group in 1981, and that the sites in the best group did not change. Relative abundances of functional feeding groups also changed, as were predicted by the river continuum theory. The effluents had acted as a “reset mechanism” that shifted polluted areas from autotrophic to more heterotrophic conditions. The direction of the shift was reversed in response to abatement efforts. Functional analyses of energy dynamics could lead to a more ecologically sound classification of water quality. 相似文献
744.
745.
本文对北京等华北中部5站1956至1985年旱涝成因进行了分析讨论.结果表明,区域性旱涝主要是在海洋和局地土壤热状况异常作用下产生的.对华北中部而言,冬季黑潮海温与局地地温变化是引起汛期旱涝变异最重要的原因.前期下垫面热源异常对后期旱涝影响往往是通过累积的异常加热造成环流形势和系统的异常而实现的.海温与地温影响降水的机制不同,前者的影响是大尺度的,而后者的影响只是区域性的.当海温异常造成的大尺度环流变化与局地热状况都有利于降水时.洪涝更容易发生,反之易旱. 相似文献
746.
Richard A. Osgood Jonathan E. Stiegler 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1990,26(2):209-217
ABSTRACT: Crystal Lake, a small urban lake in Robbinsdale, MN, had been artificially circulated for 12 years before a detailed water quality evaluation was undertaken. In 1986, the circulation system was shut off for a two-year assessment. Although the lake remained hypereutrophic, the use of the lake, which included shoreline fishing and feeding ducks and geese, did not appear to be seriously impaired by the absence of artificial circulation. The circulation system was returned to service in October 1987 (there are 16 diffusers in this 0.31 km?2 lake). Continuous limnological data from October 1987 through October 1988, plus several sampling dates in 1989, compares to the two non-circulation years (1986 and 1987) as follows: there was a two- to three-fold increase in the lake's concentration of total phosphorus, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and chlorophyll and a similar decrease in Secchi disk transparency. The surface oxygen concentration was reduced and the deep waters were nearly anoxic. In fact, following a wind storm in 1988, the entire lake became anoxic due to the mixing of high BOD throughout the water column, and a summertime fish-kill resulted. All of these occurrences are related to the artificial circulation of the lake. 相似文献
747.
Stephen R. Kessell 《Environmental management》1979,3(1):29-40
The application of vegetation information to resource management problems is reviewed in four areas: (1) the stratification of vegetation data by classification and gradient analysis, (2) the storage and retrieval of these data, (3) the sources of vegetation information, and (4) the accuracy and resolution requirements posed by different management applications. Conclusions indicate that the successful application of inference methods to resource management problems requires an appropriate integration of these four components. 相似文献
748.
Scott C. Sollers Albert Rango Donald L. Henninger 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1978,14(2):359-373
ABSTRACT: Multispectral aircraft and satellite data over the West Branch of the Susquehanna River were analyzed to evaluate potential contributions of remote sensing to floodplain surveys. Multispectral digital classifications of land cover features indicative of floodplain areas were used by interpreters to locate various floodprone area boundaries. The boundaries thus obtained were found to be more striking and continuous in the Landsat data than in the low altitude aircraft data. The digital approach permitted satellite results to be displayed at 1:24,000 scale and aircraft results at even larger scales. Results indicate that remote sensing techniques can delineate floodprone areas more easily in agricultural and limited development areas than in areas covered by a heavy forest canopy. At this time it appears that the remote sensing data would be best used as a form of preliminary planning information or as an internal check on previous or ongoing floodplain studies. In addition, the remote sensing techniques can assist in effectively monitoring floodplain activities after a community enters into the National Flood Insurance Program. 相似文献
749.
750.
Tissue distribution, excretion, and metabolism of 1,2,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the rat 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A tissue distribution, excretion, and metabolism study was conducted using a relatively non-toxic dioxin congener, i.e., 1,2,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1278-TCDD), to gain a better understanding of mammalian metabolism of dioxins. Conventional, bile duct cannulated, and germ free male rats were administered mg/kg quantities as a single oral dose. Elimination of 1278-TCDD was largely complete by 72 h. Distribution of [14C]1278-TCDD was low in all tissues examined. Metabolites were identified in urine, bile, and feces by negative ion FAB-MS and 1H-NMR, or GC/MS. The major fecal metabolite was a NIH-shifted hydroxylated TCDD. The bile contained a glucuronide conjugate of this hydroxy TCDD, and a diglucuronide conjugate of a dihydroxy-triCDD. The major metabolites in urine were glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of 4,5-dichlorocatechol. 相似文献