全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1654篇 |
免费 | 87篇 |
国内免费 | 166篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 132篇 |
废物处理 | 33篇 |
环保管理 | 344篇 |
综合类 | 534篇 |
基础理论 | 581篇 |
污染及防治 | 55篇 |
评价与监测 | 65篇 |
社会与环境 | 128篇 |
灾害及防治 | 35篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 5篇 |
2023年 | 31篇 |
2022年 | 56篇 |
2021年 | 40篇 |
2020年 | 47篇 |
2019年 | 38篇 |
2018年 | 31篇 |
2017年 | 43篇 |
2016年 | 58篇 |
2015年 | 58篇 |
2014年 | 73篇 |
2013年 | 120篇 |
2012年 | 66篇 |
2011年 | 103篇 |
2010年 | 95篇 |
2009年 | 77篇 |
2008年 | 77篇 |
2007年 | 83篇 |
2006年 | 104篇 |
2005年 | 87篇 |
2004年 | 97篇 |
2003年 | 70篇 |
2002年 | 59篇 |
2001年 | 80篇 |
2000年 | 46篇 |
1999年 | 42篇 |
1998年 | 33篇 |
1997年 | 27篇 |
1996年 | 29篇 |
1995年 | 19篇 |
1994年 | 13篇 |
1993年 | 21篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 20篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 12篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1907条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
421.
422.
Effects of New Forestry Practices on Rare Epiphytic Macrolichens 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
JUHA PYKÄLÄ 《Conservation biology》2004,18(3):831-838
Abstract: The preservation of key habitats is included in modern forest-management practices as one of the main means to preserve biodiversity in northern European production forests. I examined the distribution patterns and persistence of occurrence of rare epiphytic macrolichens in a predominantly unprotected forest landscape with an area of 278 km2 in southern Finland. Occurrence data of macrolichens in two key habitats, rock outcrops and mires, were compared with data from production forests. The density of populations of rare macrolichens was 50-fold higher on rock outcrops and 25-fold higher on mires than in production forests. Most rare species of epiphytic macrolichens were found only in key habitats. In modern, intensively managed forest landscapes, rock outcrops appeared to represent the main habitats for rare macrolichens as a result of the long-term continuity of old trees. Most macrolichen occurrences represented very small populations with a high extinction risk. Of the populations found in 1989–1995 in key habitats, 51% had disappeared, by 2000–2001, mainly as a result of forestry activities. The disappearance of populations significantly exceeded the rate of establishment of new populations. My results emphasize the importance of key habitats for declining forest species. There is also a need to improve and sharpen the guidelines for delimiting and managing key habitats in order to halt the continued decline of epiphytic macrolichens. 相似文献
423.
扁刺栲-华木荷群系次生林林下物种多样性分析 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
对四川中亚热带扁刺栲(Castanopsis platyacantha)—华木荷(Schima sinensis)群系人工杉木林、水杉林、日本落叶松林和天然次生林林下植物进行了群落调查和物种多样性分析。结果表明:(1)杉木林、水杉林、日本落叶松林和次生扁刺栲—华木荷林(20a)的物种丰富度分别为62,59,53和32;Simpson多样性指数分别为7.95,7.08,9.24和5.38;Shannon—Wiener多样性指数分别为3.67,3.3l,3.64和2.46。(2)人工林林下植物群落之间的群落系数和相似度系数分别为0.45~0.60和0.62~0.82;人工林林下植物群落与次生阔叶林林下植物群落之间的群落系数和相似度系数分别为0.19~0.53和0.55~0.77。(3)人工林林下物种多样性比次生林高的主要原因可能是风倒木和站干死木导致人工林乔木层郁闭度减小,增加了林下的光照,从而改蛮了林下的微生境。表6参19。 相似文献
424.
The Northwest Forest Plan as a Model for Broad-Scale Ecosystem Management: a Social Perspective 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
SUSAN CHARNLEY 《Conservation biology》2006,20(2):330-340
Abstract: I evaluated the Northwest Forest Plan as a model for ecosystem management to achieve social and economic goals in communities located around federal forests in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. My assessment is based on the results of socioeconomic monitoring conducted to evaluate progress in achieving the plan's goals during its first 10 years. The assessment criteria I used related to economic development and social justice. The Northwest Forest Plan incorporated economic development and social justice goals in its design. Socioeconomic monitoring results indicate that plan implementation to achieve those goals met with mixed success, however. I hypothesize there are two important reasons the plan's socioeconomic goals were not fully met: some of the key assumptions underlying the implementation strategies were flawed and agency institutional capacity to achieve the goals was limited. To improve broad-scale ecosystem management in the future, decision makers should ensure that natural-resource management policies are socially acceptable; land-management agencies have the institutional capacity to achieve their management goals; and social and economic management goals (and the strategies for implementing them) are based on accurate assumptions about the relations between the resources being managed and well-being in local communities. One of the difficulties of incorporating economic development and social justice goals in conservation initiatives is finding ways to link conservation behavior and development activities. From a social perspective, the Northwest Forest Plan as a model for ecosystem management is perhaps most valuable in its attempt to link the biophysical and socioeconomic goals of forest management by creating high-quality jobs for residents of forest communities in forest stewardship and ecosystem management work, thereby contributing to conservation. 相似文献
425.
A methodology for simulating climate change impacts on tree growth was introduced into a statistical growth and yield model in relation to variations in site fertility and location implemented with current temperature sum. This was based on a procedure in which the relative enhancement in stem volume growth was calculated from short-term runs of a physiological simulation model for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) stands. These simulations were made for a set of stands with species-specific variations in stand characteristics, location and fertility type first in current climatic conditions and then in different combinations of CO2 and temperature elevations. Based on these simulations, the relative enhancement of volume growth induced by the climate change (relative scenario effect, RSEv) was calculated and modelled in relation to: (i) CO2 and temperature elevation, stand density and the competition status of the tree in its stand, and (ii) variations in site fertility type and current temperature sum of a stand. Finally, these transfer functions for RSEv were applied to adapt the stem volume growth in the statistical growth and yield model to reflect the response to climate change. 相似文献
426.
427.
Abstract: Evaluating logging systems to determine which are most compatible with the maintenance of biodiversity is of prime importance if tropical forests are to be managed in a sustainable way. Bats are model taxa for this purpose. Two different logging systems are used in the natural forest of the Victoria-Mayaro Forest Reserve in Trinidad: open range and periodic block. Open range is a continuous harvesting system and, in common with most methods used to log tropical forests worldwide, has few harvest controls other than girth limits for selected species. Periodic block is a polycyclic system, with felling based on ecological criteria assumed to be compatible with the maintenance of biodiversity. To compare the effects of periodic block and open-range systems on biodiversity, we determined bat species richness and abundance in each system and in primary forest. We caught bats in mist nets set at ground level and in the canopy and in harp traps. In total 1959 individuals representing 38 species were captured. Species richness was similar among primary forest and logged forest habitats, although bat diversity was lower in logged forest. The distributions of bat species abundance did not differ significantly between logged forest and primary forest. We found, however, that both logging systems lead to a decrease in gleaning animalivores and an increase in frugivores. The increase in frugivores was likely the result of an increase in the abundance of bat-dispersed pioneer fruiting plants in logged forest. Bats of periodic-block-managed forest were more similar to those of primary forest than those of forest logged using the open-range system, indicating that the periodic-block system is more compatible with the maintenance of bat diversity. Our results support the suggestion that the measured use of tropical forests can largely be compatible with biodiversity conservation. 相似文献
428.
合成孔径侧视雷达穿透冠层而获得树干信息的特点使得其具有在南方NDVI易饱和地区的生物量估测方面优于光学遥感。文章利用地面实测调查数据,首次系统地研究了热带人工林生物物理参数及生物量对RADARSAT-SAR信号响应。结果表明:RADARSAT-SAR后向散射系数与森林生物量、树高、胸径可以用对数模型模拟。对于本实验区人工速生林来说,在森林生物量小于40 t.hm-2时RADARSAT-SAR后向散射系数与森林生物量具有较强相关性。桉树树高与后向散射系数的相关系数大于桉树胸径与后向散射系数关系。松树胸径与后向散射系数相关系数高于树高与后向散射系数的相关系数。研究结果为SAR在热带森林研究中的应用提供了一定的理论基础。 相似文献
429.
通过对昆山市森林生态现状及城市建设中存在问题的分析,结合国际城市生态发展的趋势,提出了由三环、两区、一链、四横、三纵、四大片为基本骨架的昆山市森林生态建设总体布局,为昆山市今后的森林生态建设提出思路和对策。 相似文献
430.