侧流FNA抑制的CANON颗粒-絮体复合系统参数优化

为探究侧流游离亚硝酸(FNA)处理抑制亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)策略相关工艺参数的最佳组合,在颗粒-絮体复合系统的全程自养脱氮(CANON)工艺中,采用批次试验探讨污泥沉降时间、FNA处理浓度及处理时间对相关功能菌活性的影响,针对性抑制NOB活性,降低FNA对功能菌活性影响.结果显示,沉降时间影响处理污泥中功能菌群活性,随着沉降时间的延长,排出污泥中厌氧氨氧化菌(AnAOB)活性逐渐减弱.沉降1min后进行排泥排出了大部分NOB并且反应器内保留了尽可能多的AnAOB,此时排出的污泥中AnAOB、氨氧化菌(AOB)和NOB的相对活性分别为15.79%、54.55%和68.63%.综合FNA对NOB和AOB活性的影响,采用0.6mg/L的FNA抑制12h后AOB活性为38.71%,而NOB活性仅为12.5%.响应曲面分析结果显示,FNA处理时间、处理浓度是影响NOB、AOB活性的关键因素.     

人工神经网络在预测深基坑周边地表沉降变形中的应用研究

深基坑开挖引起的周边地表变形预测是一个复杂非线性问题,引起地表沉降的影响因素很多,各因素之间呈高度的非线性关系。传统的基坑用边地表沉降变形预测方法存在着一定的局限性,其预测精度有待提高,而人工神经网络是一种多元非线性动力学系统,可以灵活方便地对多成因的复杂未知系统进行高度建模,实现全面考虑各种主要影响因素的深基坑周边地表沉降变形预测。本文介绍了误差反向传播(BP)网络模型的结构、学习过程及其算法的改进,径向基函数(RBF)网络模型的结构及其学习过程;分析了影响深基坑开挖周边土体沉降变形的主要影响因素;以25个基坑工程的地表沉降实测资料为训练样本,建立了11个输入影响因素的BP神经网络模型和RBF神经网络模型,通过对样本的学习训练过程及对5个检验样本的预测精度,说明了人工神经网络用于预测基坑周边地表沉降的可行性和准确性。     

城市地质灾害及对策

城市地质灾害是随着城市化快速进程中的一种自然与人为作用下的新型地质灾害。本文通过对城市直下型地震、地面塌陷与沉降、滑坡、人为堆积 -垃圾地质作用、海侵等地质灾害的综合分析 ,归纳出城市地质灾害的成灾原因 ,提出防治对策     

An Effective Means of Biofiltration of Heavy Metal Contaminated Water Bodies Using Aquatic Weed Eichhornia crassipes

Various aquatic plant species are known to accumulate heavy metals through the process of bioaccumulation. World’s most troublesome aquatic weed water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) has been studied for its tendency to bio-accumulate and bio-magnify the heavy metal contaminants present in water bodies. The chemical investigation of plant parts has shown that it accumulates heavy metals like lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) to a large extent. Of all the heavy metals studied Pb, Zn and Mn tend to show greater affinity towards bioaccumulation. The higher concentration of metal in the aquatic weed signifies the biomagnification that lead to filtration of metallic ions from polluted water. The concept that E. crassipes can be used as a natural aquatic treatment system in the uptake of heavy metals is explored.     

Impact of continental margins in the Mediterranean Sea: Hints from the surface colour and temperature historical record

The surface colour and temperature fields of the Mediterranean Sea, as appearing in time series, of basin-wide images available in the CZCS (1979–1985) and AVHRR (1982–1991) historical archives, differentiate between basin interior and continental margins affected by coastal patterns, river plumes, and mesoscale features. The original data were processed to apply calibration factors, to correct for atmospheric contamination, and to estimate chlorophyll-like pigment concentration and surface temperature. Composites were derived, as monthly and annual means, using a fixed equal-area projection with a 1-km² pixel grid. Enhanced pigment values and lower temperatures along the northern coastal areas (i.e. the Ligurian, Provençal and Balearic basins, as well as the Adriatic, and Aegean Seas) have been associated with the impact of runoff from continental margins (i.e. both a direct impact due to the sediment load and one induced on the planktonic flora by the associated nutrient load) and with vertical mixing due to the prevailing winds (i.e. the Mistral in the northwest, the Bora in the Adriatic, the Etesians in the Aegean). The pattern of increasing pigments and decreasing temperatures in seen to develop in the monthly images from the coastal zone towards the open sea from summer to winter, and then back from winter to summer. The southern coastal areas show different values, namely lower pigments and higher temperatures (except in areas where the data are altered by signal contamination). It is suggested that differences in geomorphology and meteorology of the basin margins have an impact on both water biogeochemistry and dynamics, influencing the biooptical and thermal properties of the various sub-basins, and of the entire Mediterranean region.     

Water-soluble matter in PM2.5 in a coastal city over China: Chemical components, optical properties, and source analysis

Although marine and terrestrial emissions simultaneously affect the formation of atmospheric fine particles in coastal areas, knowledge on the optical properties and sources of water-soluble matter in these areas is still scarce. In this work, taking Qingdao, China as a typical coastal location, the chemical composition of PM_2.5 during winter 2019 was analyzed.Excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy was combined with parallel factor analysis model to explain the component...     

轨道交通运行引起的场地振动试验研究

轨道交通运行引起的环境振动问题,已成为土木工程界关注的一个新的课题。对南京市栖霞镇某场地进行了列车振动现场试验,得到了不同列车车型与车速下的地面振动速度时程曲线,给出了地面振动速度的频谱特性和衰减规律,分析了列车运行引起的环境振动的传递路径,为进一步研究轨道交通振动控制提供了参考。     

昌吉硫磺沟矿区地表沉陷区的土地整治与生态恢复

针对昌吉市硫磺沟矿区煤矿开采引起的地表沉陷及其对矿区地表及环境破坏的影响,以减轻地表沉陷危害程度、恢复矿区所在地的生态功能为目标,按照采矿区塌陷类型、塌陷坑大小及塌陷区地理环境,采用不同的土地整治与生态恢复措施,在防治和控制矿区地表沉陷引起的生态破坏及生态环境保护方面取得很好的成果与经验.     

福建省泉州湾表层沉积物中重金属的含量与分布

于2004年7月在泉州湾采集了表层沉积物样品,分析了8种重金属的含量和分布。泉州湾表层沉积物中的重金属基本呈现出由河流入海口向湾内及湾口逐渐降低的趋势。据潜在生态风险评价,泉州湾表层沉积物重金属的生态危害程度都较小。     

混合重金属对硝化颗粒污泥毒性作用的析因实验研究

分别测定了Cu2 、Zn2 和Cd2 对硝化颗粒污泥的单一毒性,采用析因实验研究了二元和三元重金属混合体系对硝化颗粒污泥的联合毒性.结果表明,Cu2 、Zn2 和Cd2 的2 h半抑制浓度EC50分别为95.23、62.11和12.48 mg/L,由析因实验所得的响应曲面模型具有较好的优度(其R2＞0.95),能够对混合体系的联合毒性很好地进行预测,析因实验可以用于环境领域混合体系联合毒性的研究.