基于灰色预测模型与一元线性回归模型的煤矿瓦斯涌出量预测比较

在介绍灰色预测模型和一元线性回归模型的基础上,结合某煤矿实际,采用两种模型对瓦斯涌出量进行了预测,并对两种模型的预测值进行比较,结果表明:对基本符合线性关系的数据,采用灰色GM(1,1)模型较一元线性回归模型的预测精度要高。     

Adverse effects of metal exposure on chemotaxis towards water-soluble attractants regulated mainly by ASE sensory neuron in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Chemotaxis to water-soluble attractants is mainly controlled by ASE sensory neuron whose specification is regulated by che-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Our data suggested that exposure to high concentrations of metals, such as Pb, Cu, Ag, and Cr, would result in severe defects of chemotaxis to water-soluble attractants of NaCl, cAMP, and biotin. Moreover, the morphology of ASE neuron structures as observed by relative fluorescent intensities and relative size of fluorescent puncta of cell bodies, relative lengths of sensory endings in ASE neurons, and the expression patterns of che-1 were obviously altered in metal exposed animals when they meanwhile exhibited obvious chemotaxis defects to water-soluble attractants. In addition, the dendrite morphology could be noticeably changed in animals exposed to 150 mol/L of Pb, Cu, and Ag. Furthermore, we observed significant decreases of chemotaxis to water-soluble attractants in Pb exposed che-1 mutant at concentrations more than 2.5 mol/L, and in Cu, Ag, and Cr exposed che-1 mutant at concentrations more than 50 mol/L. Therefore, impairment of the ASE neuron structures and functions may largely contribute to the appearance of chemotaxis defects to water-soluble attractants in metal exposed nematodes.     

“Achromobacter sp. CH-1-Cr(Ⅵ)-H2O”体系Cr(Ⅵ)还原的电化学行为

采用循环伏安法探明了"Achromobacter sp.CH-1-Cr(Ⅵ)-水"体系的电化学行为.结果表明:循环伏安曲线上-0.62V(相对于SCE)的电流峰对应的反应为Cr(Ⅵ)还原成Cr(Ⅲ)的反应,在电势为-0.82V时Cr(Ⅲ)开始还原为零价铬.体系中的电极反应为不可逆过程,阳极扫描时Cr(Ⅲ)不会被重新氧化为Cr(Ⅵ).细菌的存在使Cr(Ⅵ)的还原更容易进行,其还原峰电势正移约0.2 V,细菌对体系中的电化学反应起了催化作用.随细菌量的增加,氢气的析出、六价铬还原为三价铬及三价铬进一步还原为零价铬的电势均发生了正移,过高的细菌量主要影响三价铬还原沉积为金属铬的过程.铬浓度对细菌还原Cr(Ⅵ)溶液的循环伏安曲线的影响不大.初始pH值为10是细菌还原Cr(Ⅵ)的最佳pH值.     

Thermal hazard and decomposition kinetics of 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium nitrate via TGA/DSC and FTIR

1-Butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium nitrate ([Bmmim][NO₃]), a kind of versatile and novel ionic liquids, is widely applied in the modern petrochemical industry. Nevertheless, its thermal hazard safety data at high temperature or thermal disturbance conditions are currently unavailable. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the thermal risk of [Bmmim][NO₃] through auto-ignition temperature measurements, flash point analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC), TGA-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR) and thermal decomposition kinetics analysis. Additionally, [Bmmim][NO₃] was examined using isothermal thermogravimetric analysis at different temperatures (220, 230, 240, 250, 260 and 270 °C). The experimental results show that the flash point of [Bmmim][NO₃] is 305.70 ± 9.30 °C and the auto-ignition temperature is 341.00 ± 21.60 °C with an ignition delay time of 8.6 s. In addition, using the nitrogen atmosphere TGA data to calculate the activation energy according to the Friedman, Kissinger and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa methods, roughly the same results were obtained. Finally, TGA-FTIR results show that [Bmmim][NO₃] produced acetylene, butane, butanol and carbon dioxide during the thermal decomposition process. This study could provide data support and some guidance for the thermal hazard assessment and safety control of [Bmmim][NO₃] during its use and storage.     

Spatial assessment of groundwater quality in Guna Tana landscape

This study focuses on investigating the quality of groundwater for irrigation and drinking water purposes. Spatial distribution of physicochemical and microbiological parameters was assessed from samples collected from springs, hand‐dug wells, and boreholes found the Guna Tana landscape. A total of 70 samples were considered for physical, chemical, and bacteriological water quality determination. The results revealed that most of the groundwater quality index (WQI) values lie between good and excellent. The maximum, minimum, mean, and standard deviation of each water quality parameter were prepared for evaluating groundwater quality. According to the WQI values, more than 83% of the water samples were classified as excellent water for drinking. More than 92% of the water samples showed low sodium hazards for irrigation and about 48% and 46% of the water samples were classified as within the excellent and good water classes for irrigation based on their electrical conductance levels. Therefore, the groundwater that is found in the Guna Tana landscape could be used for drinking and irrigation purposes without any advanced treatment.     

1-羟基芘的制备及其质谱光谱解析

报告了由芘制备1-羟基芘的方法,对所得产品进行了元素含量、质谱、核磁共振、紫外光谱、红外光谱和荧光光谱的分析。确定其组成为C_(6)H_(10)O_5,羟基在C_1位上;解析了质谱图中主要裂解产物的结构;给出特征光谱图,克分子消光(λ345nm)为3822.6。产品为较好的色谱纯品。     

废气排放量灰色建模新法初探

在研究和指出灰色建模常规方法理论缺陷的基础上,结合某化工厂废气排放预测实践,初步探讨和提出了将原始动态数据序列经过线性或指数变换,采用黄金分割法选取背景值的直接建模方法。初步研究表明,该方法较灰色建模常规方法在改善序列随机性、提高预测精度等方面,具有较明显的优越性和合理性,拓宽了GM(1,1)模型在环境科学领域中的应用范围。      

Testing the importance of accurate meteorological input fields and parameterizations in atmospheric transport modelling using dream - validation against ETEX-1

A tracer model, the DREAM, which is based on a combination of a near-range Lagrangian model and a long-range Eulerian model, has been developed. The meteorological meso-scale model, MM5V1, is implemented as a meteorological driver for the tracer model. The model system is used for studying transport and dispersion of air pollutants caused by a single but strong source as, e.g. an accidental release from a nuclear power plant. The model system including the coupling of the Lagrangian model with the Eulerian model are described. Various simple and comprehensive parameterizations of the mixing height, the vertical dispersion, and different meterological input data have been implemented in the combined tracer model, and the model results have been validated against measurements from the ETEX-1 release. Several different statistical parameters have been used to estimate the differences between the parameterizations and meterological input data in order to find the best performing solution.     

Cd(Ⅱ)-邻菲咯啉络合物极谱吸附波测定水中微量镉

在ＰＨ＝４．７４的０．２ｍｏｌ／ＨＡｃ－ＮａＡｃ缓冲体系中,Ｃｄ（Ⅱ）－邻菲咯啉络合物在单扫描波极谱仪上于－０．７９Ｖ处产生一灵敏的吸附还原波,其二次微分极谱波灵敏度高,波形好。