A Tool for Automated Load Duration Curve Creation1

Abstract: A recent study by the Texas Bacteria Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Task Force has recommended the use of load duration curves as a primary tool in calculating bacterial TMDLs. This method is attractive because it effectively integrates flow regimes into TMDL analyses, clearly communicates data through a method that is understandable to the general public, and has been successfully applied in TMDL studies in other states. To ease the creation of load duration curves, an automated load duration curve creation tool called LDCurve has been created within a Microsoft Excel framework. Web services and a webscraper are used to retrieve U.S. Geological Survey streamflow data and Texas Commission on Environmental Quality water quality data. Data are imported to the spreadsheet, combined to create flow and load duration curves, and plotted. Final steps result in a preliminary estimate of the overall load reductions needed to meet water quality standards in the modeled segment. LDCurve is currently only applicable in the state of Texas, but may be updated to model water quality throughout the nation using analogous web services from the EPA STORET database. By using automated data retrievals and computations, the LDCurve tool reduces the amount of time required to create curves and calculate load reductions to a matter of minutes. LDCurve and all supporting materials are available online for free download at: http://tools.crwr.utexas.edu/LDCurve/ .     

Origin of polluted air masses in the Alps. An overview and first results for MONARPOP

The contribution of ZAMG to MONAROP consists of special weather forecasts to control the SOCs sampling procedure and of the analysis of the specific transport processes for SOCs, which is still in progress.In this paper, air pollutant transport into the Alps is demonstrated by examples of inorganic pollutants: Measurements of NO_x and ozone provide evidence for air pollutant transport by local wind systems (valley and slope winds), especially at low elevated sites of the Alps. In addition, trajectory analyses for the high elevation sites demonstrate the importance of large scale synoptic air pollutant transport. The effects of these transport processes with different spatial and temporal scales are governed by the physical and chemical properties of the particular pollutant.First results for the high alpine MONARPOP stations show that air masses from east Europe influence mostly Sonnblick (Austria), whereas the influence of the Po basin is strongest at Weissfluhjoch (Switzerland).     

北京市通州区地下水分层质量评价及水化学特征

为准确掌握通州地区地下水质量状况,并从水化学角度探讨其分布特征.基于研究区的地质和水文地质条件,将2008年6月采集的151个地下水样分为浅、中、深层.按照F值评分法进行了分层综合质量评价.并采用数理统计方法,分别计算了上游、中游和下游每一个含水层特征指标算数平均值和方差.结果表明研究区内地下水均属于偏碱性水,地下水由浅到深,水质的均一性增强,水质逐渐变好.浅、中、深层地下水超Ⅲ类水的面积分别为884、599和94 km2.研究区超标组分主要为TDS、硬度、氨氮、氟化物和总铁(包含Fe3+和Fe2+),且多数超标样点属于浅层和中层水样.浅层地下水化学类型主要为HCO3-Ca·Mg型和HCO3·Cl-Ca·Na·Mg型,中深层地下水化学类型则主要由于Na+、SO2-4和Cl-浓度的上升,多数表现为HCO3-Na·Ca型和HCO3·SO4-Na·Ca型共同组成.浅层地下水水质主要受人类活动的影响,而中、深层地下水水质变差的原因则是人类活动和天然劣质水存在的双重因素所致.     

1980—2011年北京城区能见度变化趋势及突变分析

选取1980-2011年5个位于北京城区的国家级地面气象台站(海淀、朝阳、北京观象台、石景山、丰台)人工观测的大气水平能见度(下称能见度)数据,采用Mann-Kendall趋势分析及突变检验法、滑动t检验方法对能见度进行分析,以了解其变化趋势和突变.结果表明:海淀和石景山站的年均能见度呈下降趋势,而朝阳、北京观象台和丰台站则呈上升趋势;能见度最大和最小变率分别出现在朝阳和丰台站,分别为2.50、1.11 km/10 a;北京城区年均能见度(对5个台站数据平均得到)呈上升趋势,变率为0.47 km/10 a.2007-2011年北京城区平均能见度为18.5 km.突变分析表明,海淀、石景山、北京观象台和丰台站的年均能见度均出现了突变,但突变类型不尽相同,而朝阳站和北京城区的年均能见度未出现显著突变.     

一种定量评价随机振动试验效果的新方法--计量法

从随机振动试验的试验手段和试验目的出发,分析了试验效果好坏的评判原则,针对以往试验人员主观定性判断试验效果的情况。通过定义统计量实现了试验效果的定量评价,评价从响应的均方根值（RMS）和功率谱密度（PSD）两方面考虑。用双台振动试验模型数据仿真证明了该方法的有效性．并讨论了其应用价值。     

高质量绿色发展形势下环境统计的问题与建议

环境统计是环境保护的一项重要基础性工作。推动我国经济实现高质量绿色发展,更需要调整和建立新的环境统计指标体系,科学衡量中国经济增长的质量,评判中国经济增长的短板。本文在回顾国内外环境统计发展历程的基础上,针对当前高质量绿色发展形势,分析了环境统计工作中存在的统筹制度缺乏、统计指标不完善、统计数据质量不高、统计体系法律法规不健全等问题。最后从完善环境统计方法体系、建立监测统计数据收集和审核机制、建立和完善环境投资统计体系三方面提出有针对性的对策与建议。本文可为完善我国环境统计制度和政策、提高环境统计科学准确性提供决策支持,为推动我国经济向高质量绿色化发展奠定坚实基础。     

高校自动排课系统的设计与实现

高校的排课工作一直是教学管理中一项重要而复杂的工作,拥有大量的约束条件,根据不同的实际情况也有着复杂的特殊性.高校自动排课系统不仅能够提高教学管理人员的工作效率,也可以大大提高排课的科学性和可靠性.     

恶臭监测嗅觉测试方法的比较分析

通过恶臭污染监测技术的比较分析,阐明了各类恶臭监测技术的特点和发展方向,指出嗅觉测试法在目前技术水平下的重要作用和地位,依据古典心理物理学中最小可觉差法及平均差误法对欧洲EN13725标准方法和中国三点比较式臭袋法进行了比较分析,得到2种实验方法的特点。古典物理学是科学心理学一百多年的发展历程中已经形成的经典研究技术,主要用于外界刺激对人的感觉器官作用的测试技术。其中最小可觉差法是采用已知"标准刺激"对未知的"比较刺激"进行比较的感受阈值测定方法。平均差误法则是将"标准刺激"阈值视为零,并将接近零的平均实验结果作为感觉阈值的测定方法。在欧洲嗅辨实验所用的"标准刺激"为标准臭气样,而中国嗅辨实验暂时没有标准臭气样品,仍依据嗅觉阈值为零的概念进行恶臭样品实验。通过多年对嗅辨员的考核经验,总结了人的嗅阈值的分布特征,进而提出标准臭气样品的制备研究方法,提出培训嗅辨师以增强对环境恶臭污染识别能力的观点,借以深入理解恶臭嗅觉测定技术方法。     

Identification of trace element sources and associated risk assessment in vegetable soils of the urban-rural transitional area of Hangzhou, China

In the urban-rural transitional area of Hangzhou, China, 74 topsoil samples were collected from vegetable fields to measure the contents of arsenic (As), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn). The combination of multivariate statistical and geostatistical methods successfully separated the contaminating elements (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn) from uncontaminated elements (Co, Cr, Ni and Mn). A significant correlation was found between these uncontaminated elements and total Al2O3, Fe2O3, and SiO2 of the soils, indicating that the source of these elements was mainly controlled by soil-forming factors. On the other hand, these contaminating elements showed relatively weaker correlation and higher spatial variability, indicating that their enrichment and spatial heterogeneity were mostly affected by anthropic inputs. Through the pollution evaluation, it was found that only 30.8% of the study area did not suffer from moderate or severe pollution.     

2017年1-2月国内环境事件

简要统计了2017年1-2月国内发生的各种环境事件76起,包括沙尘天气7起,污染事件16起,地震39起,山体滑坡和泥石流8起,旱灾2起以及其他自然灾害4起.