2015年7-8月国内环境事件

简要统计了2015年7-8月国内发生的各种环境事件150起,包括沙尘天气3起,污染事件18起,地震55起,山体滑坡和泥石流22起,旱灾2起以及其他自然灾害50起.     

2019年11-12月国内环境事件

简要统计了2019年11-12月国内发生的各种环境事件82起,包括污染事件10起,地震59起,旱灾3起以及其他自然灾害10起。     

A Bayesian-weighted approach to predicting the number of newly discovered rare species

In natural ecological communities, most species are rare and thus susceptible to extinction. Consequently, the prediction and identification of rare species are of enormous value for conservation purposes. How many newly found species will be rare in the next field survey? We took a Bayesian viewpoint and used observed species abundance information in an ecological sample to develop an accurate way to estimate the number of new rare species (e.g., singletons, doubletons, and tripletons) in an additional unknown sample. A similar method has been developed for incidence-based data sets. Five seminumerical tests (3 abundance cases and 2 incidence cases) showed that our proposed Bayesian-weight estimator accurately predicted the number of new rare species with low relative bias and low relative root mean squared error and, accordingly, high accuracy. Finally, we applied the proposed estimator to 6 conservation-directed empirical data sets (3 abundance cases and 3 incidence cases) and found the prediction of new rare species was quite accurate; the 95% CI covered the true observed value very well in most cases. Our estimator performed similarly to or better than an unweighted estimator derived from Chao et al. and performed consistently better than the naïve unweighted estimator. We recommend our Bayesian-weight estimator for conservation applications, although the unweighted estimator of Chao et al. may be better under some circumstances. We provide an R package RSE (r are s pecies e stimation) at https://github.com/ecomol/RSE for implementation of the estimators.     

试论传统园林艺术风格形成的影响因素

中国园林以自然风景式的风格著称于世,其发展过程中受到诸多因素的影响.该文以中国传统园林风格为案例,从客观因素和主观因素分析中国传统造园艺术风格形成的影响因素,以期引发对创造现代园林风格的思考.     

Interpreting beta‐diversity components over time to conserve metacommunities in highly dynamic ecosystems

The concept of metacommunity (i.e., a set of local communities linked by dispersal) has gained great popularity among community ecologists. However, metacommunity research mostly addresses questions on spatial patterns of biodiversity at the regional scale, whereas conservation planning requires quantifying temporal variation in those metacommunities and the contributions that individual (local) sites make to regional dynamics. We propose that recent advances in diversity‐partitioning methods may allow for a better understanding of metacommunity dynamics and the identification of keystone sites. We used time series of the 2 components of beta diversity (richness and replacement) and the contributions of local sites to these components to examine which sites controlled source‐sink dynamics in a highly dynamic model system (an intermittent river). The relative importance of the richness and replacement components of beta diversity fluctuated over time, and sample aggregation led to underestimation of beta diversity by up to 35%. Our literature review revealed that research on intermittent rivers would benefit greatly from examination of beta‐diversity components over time. Adequately appraising spatiotemporal variability in community composition and identifying sites that are pivotal for maintaining biodiversity at the landscape scale are key needs for conservation prioritization and planning. Thus, our framework may be used to guide conservation actions in highly dynamic ecosystems when time‐series data describing biodiversity across sites connected by dispersal are available.     

北京市公共场所室内甲醛浓度水平分析

为了解北京市公共场所室内甲醛污染水平及影响因素,在工作日和周末上下午对北京市内家具市场、综合商场和服装批发市场3类公共场所不同功能区的室内甲醛浓度进行监测和分析。结果表明:家具市场中包含木质家具的功能区甲醛浓度最高;服装批发市场中包含外贸针织功能区的甲醛浓度最高;综合商场中包含化妆品功能区的甲醛浓度最高;服装批发市场和家具市场整体的甲醛浓度已超过《商场(店)、书店卫生标准》(GB 9670—1996)规定的限值0.12mg/m3。3类公共场所甲醛点位超标率服从显著性水平p0.05的χ2双侧检验,具有统计学意义。长期暴露在服装批发市场和家具市场内的工作人员和顾客,可能存在健康风险,应对家具市场、服装批发市场的甲醛污染进行控制。     

基于控制图法的苯测量不确定度评定

本文采用top—down技术之控制图法进行气相色谱法测定苯的不确定度评定。该方法应用实验室长期积累的质控数据,利用A—D统计法检验质控数据的随机性和独立性,从而建立移动极差控制图,评定测量不确定度。相比传统的不确定度评定方法（ISO／IECGUM）步骤简单,避免了不确定度分量遗漏、重复或难以量化的问题。使监测数据更加客观可信。     

利用统计控制图法对水质中铅的不确定度评定研究

目前环境监测领域采用的不确定度的评定方法基本上都是ISO／IECGUM（JJF1059）的方法,这种bot-tom—up方法比较繁琐,容易遗漏重叠分量,一致性也较差。本文使用Top-down不确定度的评定方法一控制图法对不确定度进行评定,该方法主要是应用实验室的质控数据及能力验证、环境标准样品定值等数据。利用AD统计法和绘制移动极差控制图确保质控数据排列处于随机状态和独立性的特点,建立控制图,评定不确定度的过程。     

2019年3-4月国内环境事件

LI Sheng-cai;AN Ying(State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)     

Ranked set sampling: an annotated bibliography

The paper provides an up-to-date annotated bibliography of the literature on ranked set sampling. The bibliography includes all pertinent papers known to the authors, and is intended to cover applications as well as theoretical developments. The annotations are arranged in chronological order and are intended to be sufficiently complete and detailed that a reading from beginning to end would provide a statistically mature reader with a state-of-the-art survey of ranked set sampling, including historical development, current status, and future research directions and applications. A final section of the paper gives a listing of all annotated papers, arranged in alphabetical order by author.This paper was prepared with partial support from the United States Environmental Protection Agency under a Cooperative Agreement Number CR-821531. The contents have not been subject to Agency review and therefore do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred.