Adaptability of microbial inoculators and their contribution to degradation of mineral oil and PAHs

Five dominant bacteria strains（A cetobacter sp., Alcdigenes sp., Micrococcus sp., Arthrobacter sp. and Bacillus sp.） and five fungi strains （Cephalosporium sp. Ⅰ, Cephalosporlum sp. Ⅱ, Aspergillus sp. Ⅰ, Aspergillus sp. Ⅱ and Fusarium sp.） isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil were used to assess the potential capability of mineral oil and PAH enhanced degradation separately and jointly using the batch liquid medium cultivation with diesel oil spiked at 1000 mg/L. The experiment was performed on a reciprocal shaker in the darkness at 25℃ to 30℃ for 100 d. The dynamic variation in the activity of microbial inoculators in each treatment and the degradation of the target pollutants during the period of experiment were monitored. Results showed a more rapid biodegradation of mineral oil and PAHs at the beginning of the experiment （about 20 d） by dominant bacteria, fungi and their mixture than that of the indigenous microorganisms, however, thereafter an opposite trcnd was exhibited that the removal ratio by indigenous microorganisms was superior to any other dominant treatments and the tendency lasted till the end of the experiment, indicating the limited competitive capability of dominant microorganisms to degrade the contaminants, and the natural selection of indigenous microorganisms for use in the removal of the contaminants. At the end of the experiment, the removal ratio of mineral oil ranged from 56.8 % to 79.2 % and PAHs ranged from 96.8 % to 99.1% in each treatment by microbial inoculators,     

不同粘土矿物材料对Cu2+的吸附特征

探讨了在不同矿物投加量、不同振荡时间、不同Cu2 浓度、不同矿物颗粒细度和不同pH条件下,钠基膨润土、膨胀蛭石和沸石3种粘土矿物对Cu2 的吸附效果,并比较了3种粘土矿物对Cu2 的吸附差异性.结果表明:对Cu2 的吸附效果依次为钠基膨润土＞沸石＞膨胀蛭石;较高的pH有助于粘土矿物对溶液中Cu2 的吸附,但考虑到实际操作的其他因素,不能把pH调得过高.     

天然锰矿物催化氧化法处理含硫废水研究

利用廉价天然锰矿物作催化剂,在常温常压下进行催化氧化法去除硫化物的实验研究。在所研究的浓度100—400mg/L范围内,使用的反应器为10L.控制气量0.1m~3/h,曝气时间4h,催化剂加量100—150mg/L,pH值9—10时,硫化物去除率达94％—98％。和未加催化剂相比减少了曝气量和曝气时间,可以使能耗降低30％,处理成本降低20％。     

用表面活性剂溶液回收炼油厂废白土中的蜡和油及废白土的综合利用

对表面活性剂溶液回收炼油厂废白土中的石蜡和润滑油脱蜡脱油废白土的再生活化、综合利用进行实验研究。通过对表面活性剂的筛选及工艺条件最优化,使蜡和油的回收率分别达到93％和95％,再生白土的脱色效率优于新鲜活性白土。用脱蜡脱油废白土为原料制取的白炭黑和4A沸石的质量均达到国家标准。     

酸性淋洗对土壤有机质和粘粒含量的影响

酸性淋洗可导致土壤有机质含量的轻微下降,下降幅度与淋入液的酸度呈正比.除强酸性淋洗外,一般性的酸性淋溶对粘土矿物含量的影响不大.模拟实验的操作过程本身可使土壤性质发生一定程度的改变,分析实验结果时应对此因素加以消除.     

Optimized porous clay heterostructure for removal of acetaldehyde and toluene from indoor air

Adsorption is the most widely used technology for the removal of indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, existing adsorbent-based technologies are inadequate to meet the regulatory requirement, due to their limited adsorption capacity and efficiency, especially under high relative humidity (RH) conditions. In this study, a series of new porous clay heterostructure (PCH) adsorbents with various ratios of micropores to mesopores were synthesized, characterized and tested for the adsorption of acetaldehyde and toluene. Two of them, PCH25 and PCH50, exhibited markedly improved adsorption capability, especially for hydrophilic acetaldehyde. The improved adsorption was attributed to their large micropore areas and high micropore-to-mesopore volume ratios. The amount of acetaldehyde adsorbed onto PCH25 at equilibrium reached 62.7 mg·g⁻¹, eight times as much as the amount adsorbed onto conventional activated carbon (AC). Even at a high RH of 80%, PCH25 removed seven and four times more of the acetaldehyde than AC and the unmodified raw PCHs did, respectively. This new PCH optimized for their high adsorption and resistance to humidity has promising applications as a cost-effective adsorbent for indoor air purification.     

高碱度钢渣添加铁尾矿消解f-CaO的机理研究

高碱度钢渣掺唐山石人沟铁尾矿重构,两者在高温环境下熔融反应消解高碱度钢渣中f-CaO。采用正交实验法设计实验方案,考察了铁尾矿掺入量(分别为3%、5%和9%)、反应温度(分别为1 500℃,1 550℃和1 580℃)及恒温反应时间(分别为10 min、20 min和30 min)对消解高碱度钢渣中f-CaO的效果。实验结果表明,铁尾矿能有效消解钢渣中f-CaO,重构渣中f-CaO含量平均值为1.17%,消解率为76.27%。且由正交方法测出了铁尾矿掺入量对f-CaO的消解影响较大,极差值为0.41%;反应温度次之,极差值为0.32%;恒温反应时间影响较小,极差值为0.06%。利用X射线衍射方法测定重构渣中矿物组成,主要为磁铁矿、钙镁橄榄石、硅酸二钙、硅酸三钙、镁铁尖晶石、铁酸钙及铁铝酸钙。     

矿物载体锯末碳源低温生物修复硝酸盐污染地下水

研究了低温条件下,沸石和火山岩为载体,锯末为碳源的生物反应器对地下水中硝酸盐氮的去除效果。结果表明,在（14±1）℃,水力停留时间18 h,进水硝酸盐氮浓度为27 mg/L的条件下,以锯末为碳源能有效去除地下水中的硝酸盐,沸石为载体时对硝酸盐氮的平均去除率为98%;火山岩为载体时对硝酸盐氮的平均去除率为95%。实验过程中出现铵盐和亚硝酸盐的积累,出水中氨氮浓度为1～2.55 mg/L,亚硝酸氮浓度为0～0.98 mg/L。出水pH均介于7～8,满足饮用水标准中pH的要求（6.5～8.5）。     

钱江隧道盾构废弃泥浆的混凝分离

为了实现钱江隧道盾构废弃泥浆的无害化处理,对盾构废弃的砂土泥浆和粘土泥浆分别进行混凝分离的实验条件研究,结果表明:对于砂土泥浆,密度为1.20 g/cm3有利于实现高效的泥水分离;PAM作为絮凝剂的分离效果最好;混凝分离的最优化分离条件为:投药量为150 mg/L,pH为8左右,水力条件为以300 r/min搅拌1 min,再以80 r/min搅拌20 min。对于粘土泥浆,密度为1.10 g/cm3有利于实现高效的泥水分离;PAM作为絮凝剂的分离效果最好;混凝分离的最优化分离条件为:投药量为150 mg/L,pH为6左右,水力条件为以300 r/min搅拌1 min,再以80 r/min搅拌20 min。该实验为废弃泥浆的进一步处理奠定了基础。     

混凝吸附及化学氧化深度处理焦化废水

以蒙脱石、凹凸棒石、次氯酸钙和PAC、PAM为基本材料,对焦化废水二级生化出水进行深度处理。实验结果表明：蒙脱石与凹凸棒石以4：1的比例配合使用,可明显提高焦化废水中COD和色度去除率;采用次氯酸钙作为氧化剂,可进一步提高焦化废水的脱色率和COD去除率,处理间差异达到极显著和显著水平;去除COD的最优实验条件为：粘土矿物（蒙脱石：和凹凸棒石=4：1）添加量4．0g／L、氧化剂（次氯酸钙）添加量1．0g／L、絮凝剂（聚合氯化铝：聚丙烯酰胺=15／1）添加量0．15g／L,处理后色度去除率达到97．0％,COD去除率达到69．1％;脱色的最优实验条件为：粘土矿物添加量4．0g／L、氧化剂添加量1．0g／L、絮凝剂添加量0．2g／L,处理后色度去除率达到98．5％,COD去除率达到66．4％。