Synthesis of linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite as an adsorbent for removal of Pb(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions

The purpose of this work is to remove Pb(II) from the aqueous solution using a type of hydrogel composite. A hydrogel composite consisting of waste linear low density polyethylene, acrylic acid, starch, and organo-montmorillonite was prepared through emulsion polymerization method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CNMR)), silicon^-29 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Si NMR)), and X-ray diffraction spectroscope ((XRD) were applied to characterize the hydrogel composite. The hydrogel composite was then employed as an adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) from the aqueous solution. The Pb(II)-loaded hydrogel composite was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ((XPS)). From XPS results, it was found that the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of the hydrogel composite participated in the removal of Pb(II). Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption of Pb(II) followed the pseudo-second-order equation. It was also found that the Langmuir model described the adsorption isotherm better than the Freundlich isotherm. The maximum removal capacity of the hydrogel composite for Pb(II) ions was 430 mg/g. Thus, the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite could be a promising Pb(II) adsorbent.     

6种矿质元素对青菜中硝酸盐含量的影响

通过盆栽试验 ,研究了B、K、Mn、Mg、Zn、Co对青菜中硝酸盐含量的影响。结果表明 :增施硼酸钠后第 2 0天 ,青菜硝酸盐含量比对照降低 1 4 84%～ 1 9 56 % ;增施K、Mn、Mg、Zn、Co也能降低青菜硝酸盐含量。每盆增施0 1gZnSO4 后第 1 0天 ,青菜中硝酸盐含量比对照减少 1 8 96 % ,每盆增施 0 1gK2 SO4 后第 2 0天 ,青菜中硝酸盐含量比对照减少 2 1 42 % ;矿质元素的施用量对青菜硝酸盐含量影响较大。     

土壤中重金属污染现状与防治方法

文章阐明了土壤重金属污染物来源与分布,同时对国内外土壤重金属污染治理的研究工作做了系统的综述,提出了土壤中重金属污染物防治的环境矿物学新方法,利用环境矿物材料治理土壤重金属污染物的方法,具有成本低、效果好、无二次污染及有用金属可回收利用等优点,展现出广阔的环境矿物学研究与应用前景。并提醒人们要提高土壤质量意识,保护生态环境。     

红外光度法测定水中矿物油的技术和应用

系统讨论了红外光度法测定水中矿物油的原理、技术特性及应用中的种种技术问题,着重探讨了多基团带权重累加法定量原理,并推导了三波长红外光谱法测油数学模型.     

大气可吸入颗粒物(PM10)中矿物组分的X射线衍射研究

利用X射线衍射技术对北京2002春季和夏季的可吸入颗粒物进行了研究.结果表明,北京春季和夏季可吸入颗粒物的矿物组成明显不同,春季可吸入颗粒物中的矿物以硅铝酸盐为主,同时存在碳酸盐、硫酸盐、硫化物、铁的氧化物、粘土矿物以及难以鉴定的矿物;在夏季的样品中,矿物的种类有所减少,却有新的物种出现,如氯化氨、硫酸氨等.XRD定量分析显示,在沙尘天气时,可吸入颗粒物中石英和粘土矿物以及非晶质分别占到24.1%、28.5%和2 0%,斜长石和方解石分别占到10.4%和8.1%,其他矿物总共不到10%.矿物组分的确定对可吸入颗粒物来源的识别有一定的指导作用.     

极端干湿循环作用下饱和泥浆红黏土的干缩裂隙发育特征

云贵高原红黏土常经历极端干湿循环过程,为研究极端干湿循环作用对红黏土干缩裂隙发育规律的影响,以昆明呈贡地区红黏土饱和泥浆样为研究对象,在室内进行5次干湿循环试验,通过监测红黏土质量和表面干缩裂隙的形成及其演化过程,分析了极端干湿循环作用对红黏土水分蒸发、干缩裂隙的形成及其演化、表面干缩裂隙网络结构形态的影响.结果 表明...     

GROUNDWATER GEOCHEMISTRY IN THE SEMINOLE WELL FIELD,CEDAR RAPIDS,IOWA1

The City of Cedar Rapids obtains its municipal water supply from four well fields in an alluvial aquifer along the Cedar River in east-central Iowa. Since 1992, the City and the U.S. Geological Survey have cooperatively studied the groundwater-flow system and water chemistry near the well fields. The geochemistry in the alluvial aquifer near the Seminole Well Field was assessed to identify potentially reactive minerals and possible chemical reactions that produce observed changes in water chemistry. Calcite, dolomite, ferrihydrite, quartz, rhodochrosite, and siderite were identified as potentially reactive minerals by calculating saturation indexes. Aluminosiicate minerals including albite, Ca-montmorillonite, gibbsite, illite, K-feldspar, and kaolinite were identified as potentially reactive minerals using hypothetical saturation indexes calculated with an assumed dissolved aluminum concentration of 1 microgram per liter. Balanced chemical equations derived from inverse-modeling techniques were used to assess chemical reactions as precipitation percolates to the water table. Calcite dissolution was predominate, but aluminosilicate weathering, cation exchange, and redox reactions also likely occurred. Microbial-catalyzed redox reactions altered the chemical composition of water infiltrating from the Cedar River into the alluvial aquifer by consuming dissolved oxygen, reducing nitrate, and increasing dissolved iron and manganese concentrations. Nitrate reduction only occurred in relatively shallow (3 to 7 meters below land surface) groundwater near the Cedar River and did not occur in water infiltrating to deeper zones of the alluvial aquifer.     

安徽省矿产资源现状与可持续发展初探

安徽省矿产资源种类繁多,储量丰富,特别是煤炭、Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ、Ｓ、非金属等矿产资源分布相对集中,具有南北不同的特点。矿产资源在开发利用中存在着开发利用广度大、加工程度低、综合利用率低、浪费严重、引发多种地质灾害等问题。本文对安徽省矿产资源的可持续发展对策进行了探讨     

咸淡水界面上含水介质的水敏感性研究

在野外水文地质调查的基础上,采集大沽河下游咸水入侵区砂样,通过室内渗流柱咸淡水驱替试验,分别研究了盐度突变和渐变条件下咸淡水界面上含水介质的水敏感性.研究结果表明,在盐度突变条件下含水多孔介质的渗透系数下降了50.0%,而在盐度渐变条件下渗透系数只下降了25.1%,溶液盐浓度递减速率越快则渗透性降低程度越大;随着渗透时间的延长,渗透系数可降低1～3个数量级,且渗透性的降低具有不可逆性.另外,本区渗透性发生变化主要是由伊利石、高岭石和绿泥石这些非膨胀性粘粒在渗流柱内迁移和沉积引起的.     

100 MW锅炉NaOH颗粒生成的数值模拟

煤粉燃烧过程中矿物质的气化、成核、凝结等过程是炉膛中亚微米颗粒形成的主要途径。本文运用CFD软件针对某100 MW锅炉内NaOH颗粒形成进行了数值研究,计算得到了炉内的温度分布、氧浓度分布和亚微米颗粒数量浓度和质量浓度分布。结果显示,亚微米颗粒的生成数量与温度具有强烈的相关性,温度较高的区域亚微米颗粒数量浓度较大,温度较低的区域则较小;而在炉膛的高温区内,NaOH颗粒的质量浓度并不是最高,而是最低,同时随着炉膛高度的增加,NaOH颗粒的质量浓度逐渐增加。计算结果为今后数值研究燃煤过程中亚微米颗粒的形成与演化奠定基础,为研究温度等燃烧条件对亚微米颗粒形成的影响、抑制其排放等方面提供了一种有效研究手段。