Adsorption of malachite green and chrysoidine-Y by Sn-pillared clay

The aim of this research was to pillar the bentonite clay (Bt) with polyhydroxy tin chloride. The synthesized Tin-pillared interlayer clay (Sn-PILC) was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectra (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmer Teller (BET) analysis, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Adsorption capacity of raw-Bt and tin pillared interlayer clay (Sn-PILC) was examined for two dyes, namely, Malachite Green (MG) and Chrysoidine-Y (CY) from their aqueous solutions. The effects of physicochemical parameters like solution pH, dose, and dye concentration were investigated. The maximum adsorption efficiency at equilibrium dye concentration for Sn-PILC was 66.229 mg g^–1 for MG and 63.792 mg g^–1 for CY. Sn-PILC obeyed Langmuir isotherm for both the dyes whereas raw-Bt followed Freundlich isotherm. On the other hand, both adsorbents followed PFO as well as PSO kinetic model, indicating physisorption assisted by chemisorption. Thermodynamic studies were performed to determine the adsorption behavior of Sn-PILC for both the dyes. Regeneration studies revealed 80% efficiency up-to five adsorption-desorption cycles.     

南京河西淤泥质粉质粘土卸荷回弹变形研究

通过大量室内固结回弹试验,研究了南京河西地区淤泥质粉质粘土的卸荷回弹变形规律.固结-回弹-再压缩曲线表明该地区淤泥质粉质粘土的弹性变形要比其塑性变形量小得多,卸荷再压缩后,土体的压缩性也明显降低;通过分析卸荷比和回弹率、回弹应变以及回弹模量的关系曲线,确定了该地区淤泥质粉质粘土的临界卸荷比和极限卸荷比指标,从而可以确定...     

多孔矿物-聚磷酸铵对甲烷爆炸的协同抑制研究

为探究新型多孔矿物(MTS)-聚磷酸铵(APP)复合粉体对甲烷-空气预混气爆炸的抑制效果,采用20 L球形爆炸装置开展多孔矿物、APP及其复合粉体在不同组成、不同添加浓度条件下的甲烷爆炸抑制试验,并使用热分析仪研究其热解行为.研究结果表明:当粉体添加量为0.100 g/L,多孔矿物与APP质量组成比为1∶3时,复合粉体...     

Influence of support material on the immobilization of biomass for the degradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate in anaerobic reactors

Two horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass reactors (HAIB) were used to study the degradation of the LAS surfactant: one filled with charcoal (HAIB1) and the other with a mixed bed of expanded clay and polyurethane foam (HAIB2). The reactors were fed with synthetic substrate supplemented with 14 mg l(-1)of LAS, kept at 30+/-2 degrees C and operated with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12h. The surfactant was quantified by HPLC. Spatial variation analyses were done to quantify organic matter and LAS consumption along the reactor length. The presence of the surfactant in the load did not affect the removal of organic matter (COD), which was close to 90% in both reactors for an influent COD of 550 mg l(-1). The results of a mass balance indicated that 28% of all LAS added to HAIB1 was removed by degradation. HAIB2 presented 27% degradation. Molecular biology techniques revealed microorganisms belonging the uncultured Holophaga sp., uncultured delta Proteobacterium, uncultured Verrucomicrobium sp., Bacteroides sp. and uncultured gamma Proteobacterium sp. The reactor with biomass immobilized on charcoal presented lower adsorption and a higher kinetic degradation coefficient. So, it was the most suitable support for LAS anaerobic treatment.     

红色黏土对磷的吸附性能及其机理初探

研究了采自江西鹰潭和江苏宜兴2地荒地亚层(20～40 cm)11种红色黏土的理化性质,比较了其对2种不同质量浓度(35和50 mg.L-1)磷酸二氢钾溶液中磷的吸附性能。结果表明,11种红色黏土对35和50 mg.L-1磷标准溶液的磷吸附量分别为0.52～0.86和0.52～1.18 mg.g-1,其中采自江苏的S9土样对2种浓度磷标准溶液的磷去除率均达90%以上;红色黏土中的铁、铝氧化物是除磷的主要控制因素,溶液中的磷主要与红色黏土中铁、铝氧化物相结合形成难溶性Fe-P和Al-P,土壤氧化铝含量与除磷效果呈显著正相关。可以通过向红色黏土及其他吸附剂中加入适量的铁、铝氧化物以提高对磷的吸附性能。     

新疆矿产资源开发与生态补偿的探讨

文章对新疆矿产资源开发产生的环境问题进行了分析,并根据目前我国现有的矿产开发中经济补偿的相关法律制度,提出生态保护及生态补偿的要求,建议新疆今后对矿产资源开发应建立矿产资源开发生态环境基金制度、矿山环境治理恢复保证金制度和矿区(矿业城市)生态补偿转移支付制度,对矿产资源开发的生态环境恢复补偿统筹考虑,针对不同区域制订不同的补偿办法.     

铜镉复合胁迫下温度对小麦幼苗生长及其对铜、镉和矿质营养元素吸收与各元素在亚细胞分布的影响

为了研究重金属复合胁迫下温度变化对陆生植物的毒性效应的影响,实验采用水培的方法,设置对照和Cu-Cd复合胁迫(10 μmol·L1 Cu+10μmol·L-1Cd)2个处理,每个处理分别设置3个不同的培养温度(8/4℃、25/20℃和35/30℃),对小麦进行48 h的暴露实验,测定小麦幼苗的生长及其对重金属和矿质营养...     

哈尔滨地区风尘黄土重矿物特征及物源分析

哈尔滨地区分布有很多第四纪以来的风尘黄土沉积物。风尘黄土已被证实为干冷天气条件下,大风吹扬起来的沙尘沉积而形成的。针对这些沙尘物质的来源问题,采用从源到汇的物源示踪方法,采集了哈尔滨地区具有代表性的风尘黄土沉积物,以及松花江及其主要支流的河流沉积物、科尔沁沙地沉积物以及吉林地区的黄土沉积物作为主要研究对象,利用沉积物中重矿物组合、特征矿物,重矿物的百分含量、稳定系数、石英/长石、ZTR指数、ATi指数和GZi指数等多项指标进行分析,并结合东北地区岩性分布以及亚洲季风特征。研究结果显示,哈尔滨地区各地分布的风尘黄土各项重矿物指标具有很好的一致性,且与近源的松花江等河流沉积物相同;哈尔滨地区沿松花江干流河谷分布的风尘黄土沉积物物源主要来自于近源的松花江流域内的大小兴安岭及东部山地广泛分布的花岗岩类的风化碎屑。     

两种不同极性有机物在离子饱和黏土矿物上的吸附行为

探讨非极性的菲和极性的1,3-二硝基苯在不同阳离子饱和高岭石和蒙脱石上的吸附机制。结果表明,不同阳离子饱和矿物对1,3-二硝基苯的吸附量均高于菲。1∶1型高岭石阳离子交换量和比表面积均低于2∶1型蒙脱石,对菲和1,3-二硝基苯的吸附量也较弱。Zeta电位按照K+、Ca2+和Al3+饱和矿物的顺序从负电荷方向逐渐趋于0,表明矿物表面疏水性逐渐加强,与菲的疏水性作用更强。X射线衍射分析显示,离子饱和矿物吸附菲后层间距增大,表明菲进入层间。Al3+饱和蒙脱石吸附菲前后层间距均为最大,对菲的层间容纳能力最强,因此,Al3+饱和矿物对菲的吸附量均高于K+和Ca2+饱和矿物。K+较弱的水分子竞争及空间位阻作用使得K+饱和矿物对1,3-二硝基苯的吸附量更高,3价的Al3+相对2价的Ca2+具有更强的阳离子架桥能力,提高了1,3-二硝基苯在Al3+饱和矿物上的吸附量。     

贵州省贫困农村氟污染现状及贡献源分析

选取了纳雍县四个贫困村寨(阳光、熊块、光明和红星)作为研究对象,对居民所用的炉灶、燃料及灰渣、部分食物及室内空气进行了调查和样品采集,使用氟离子选择电极法测定了样品中氟的含量,分析了氟污染的贡献量。研究结果表明,当地约有87%的农民使用无烟囱的简易敞炉和蜂窝煤炉,燃料中约80.5%为拌泥煤和蜂窝煤。块煤、粉煤、拌泥煤和蜂窝煤中氟的平均含量分别为57.85±27.64mg/kg、83.03±47.10mg/kg、199.41±113.61mg/kg和83.11±44.16mg/kg,而拌煤粘土中氟的平均含量为566.08±266.65mg/kg,最高达到1132.81mg/kg;食用的辣椒、玉米粒及玉米面中氟的平均含量分别为573.52±296.78mg/kg、23.16±12.79mg/kg和9.20±2.74mg/kg,而辣椒中的最高含量达到了1273.92mg/kg。室内空气中氟含量在采暖期和非采暖期分别为13.66±3.01μg/m3、1.28±0.76μg/m3。拌泥煤和蜂窝煤中氟的释放率分别为66.31%和43.76%。拌泥煤中的黏土中的氟仍是主要的氟源,主要通过食用辣椒进入体内。