考虑地层蠕变特性的盾构隧道施工对邻近桥桩影响和保护措施*

为探讨地层蠕变特性盾构隧道施工对邻近桥桩变形影响,基于Burgers模型建立本构数值模型,并采用FLAC3D软件进行计算。结果表明:盾构隧道贯通后,邻近桥梁承台基础变形持续增加,变形趋于稳定至少需要1 a时间,且累计变形值将超过桥梁桩基础允许变形值;提出隔离桩和盾构隧道周围地层注浆加固2种保护措施。研究结果可为评估盾构隧道施工对邻近桥桩影响程度和制定邻近桥桩保护措施提供参考。     

Effects of soil composition on solid phase microextraction determination of triazine and organophosphorus pesticides

The influence of organic matter and clay contents on headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) determination of triazine and organophosphorus pesticides in different soils was studied. The results of the study showed that content of soil organic matter dominantly participated in sorption of triazines (simazine, atrazine and prometryn) to soil, while sorption of organophosphorus pesticides (phorate and tebupirimfos) could not be explained only by contents of dominant soil sorption components (soil organic matter and clay). Sorption of all pesticides studied to different soil types was similar at their lower concentrations while the influence of soil composition was expressed at higher concentration levels. Except for phorate, the obtained sorption trends were different from those obtained by direct SPME mode (DM-SPME) and exhaustive liquid-solid extraction (LSE) method. These results indicated that most likely co-extractants from the analyzed medium complicated evaporation and diffusion of the pesticides to the PDMS fiber during HS-SPME sampling.     

Chinese Mining toward Sustainable Development in a Global Perspective

Abstract

In view of sustainable development, this paper presents the challenges faced by the global mining sectors, outlines an integrated approach of the global minerals industry for sustainable development, introduces actions for the mineral professionals toward sustainable development, and proposes changes in the mineral operations, management, and governance practices in ttie Chinese perspective.     

基于产权约束的中国矿产资源管理体制分析

在以消耗资源为代价的粗放型经济增长模式下,加强以产权为核心的矿产资源管理体制改革,是关系到矿产资源利用效率高低和我国经济社会可持续发展的重要命题.从制度变迁来看,产权安排的不完善是我国矿产资源管理低效的主要制度根源.因此,我国矿产资源管理体制开始了适应性的制度变迁.本文针对我国矿产资源管理的现状,以产权约束为基础,认为一种有效率的矿产资源管理模式应当是在市场机制的基础上寻求资产化管理与资源性管理、行政和市场配置方式的最优组合,而模式构建的核心是市场化的矿产资源配置制度安排,其主要表现为把矿业权作为一种产权按市场经济规律进行评估、拍卖和交易等商业活动.所以,矿产资源产权改革市场化的实质是在坚持矿产资源国家所有制的基础上,对矿产资源使用制度和价值流转体系进行的改革与创新.     

基于矿物晶体结构的场地重金属污染土壤结构化固定处置

重金属污染企业搬迁遗留场地的重金属污染问题是当前城市土地安全开发需解决的迫切环境问题。以广州市某钢铁企业搬迁遗留场地重金属污染土壤处置为例，系统研究污染重金属晶体结构化固定过程机制。对遗留场地土壤通过采样调查发现，在场地某些区域的土壤中，重金属Ni和Cd的浓度超过GB 15618-1995《土壤环境质量标准》二级标准，二次开发存在一定的环境风险。通过研发以氧化铝为基质的黏土固定剂，以一定比例与污染土壤混合后压实成型，在1100℃的温度下煅烧，通过X-射线衍射研究发现，烧结体中重金属以尖晶石晶体结构成分的形式固定。进一步采用TCLP毒性浸出程序研究烧结体中重金属的浸出风险，结果发现，烧结体中滤出液中重金属浓度均远低于GB 3838-2002《地表水环境质量标准》三类水标准值，获得烧结体中重金属浸出风险低。实现了重金属污染土壤的无害化处置，对于目前重金属污染企业遗留场地土壤处置具有重要意义。     

高炉矿渣对铝电解废旧阴极炭焚烧中氟化物的迁移转化行为影响

废旧阴极炭（Spent potlining）是铝电解行业产生的一种高无机氟含量危险废物.本研究以高炉矿渣（Blast furnace slag）为添加剂与废旧阴极炭混合焚烧,模拟计算有关反应的吉布斯自由能,研究焚烧过程中氟化物的转化和稳定化行为.结果表明,高炉矿渣中的钙基化合物可促进废旧阴极炭中的NaF和Na₃AlF₆转化为稳定的CaF₂. 在850 ℃、焚烧1 h的条件下,废旧阴极炭和高炉矿渣混合样（4/6,质量比）水溶性氟浸出率降低42.27%;同时,减少HF释放可使氟化物保留率提高3.85%.高炉矿渣的掺入将其中93.50%的氟化物固定于底渣中,显著降低了废旧阴极炭的浸出毒性.高炉矿渣中的SiO₂和Al₂O₃促进了NaF向CaF₂的热转化行为,高炉矿渣参与焚烧使得焚烧底渣颗粒更加疏松、分散,底渣的 氟化物主要以Ca₄Si₂O₇F₂形态存在,表明高炉矿渣具有协同处置废旧阴极炭的良好性能.     

Application of aluminosilicate clay mineral-based composites in photocatalysis

Aluminosilicate clay mineral (ACM) is a kind of typical raw materials that used widely in manufacturing industry owing to the abundant reserve and low-cost exploring. In past two decades, in-depth understanding on unique layered structure and abundant surface properties endows ACM in the emerging research and application fields. In field of solar-chemical energy conversion, ACM has been widely used to support various semiconductor photocatalysts, forming the composites and achieving efficient conversion of reactants under sunlight irradiation. To date, classic ACM such as kaolinite and montmorillonite, loaded with semiconductor photocatalysts has been widely applied in photocatalysis. This review summaries the recent works on ACM-based composites in photocatalysis. Focusing on the properties of surface and layered structure, we elucidate the different features in the composition with various functional photocatalysts on two typical kinds of ACM, i.e., type 1:1 and type 2:1. Not only large surface area and active surface hydroxyl group assist the substrate adsorption, but also the layered structure provides more space to enlarge the application of ACM-based photocatalysts. Besides, we overview the modifications on ACM from both external surface and the inter-layer space that make the formation of composites more efficiently and boost the photo-chemical process. This review could inspire more upcoming design and synthesis for ACM-based photocatalysts, leading this kind of economic and eco-friendly materials for more practical application in the future.     

矿产资源资产化管理理论和方法的分析与展望

本文全面地介绍了矿产资源资产化管理及资产评估的国内外研究现状，系统地总结了在矿产资源价值、矿产资源资产评估、矿产资源资产化管理、资源耗竭—补偿、资源核算等方面的研究成果，并对这一课题的研究提出了建议     

矿产资源计价理论与方法的研究

本文论述了矿产资源的价值由矿山级差地租和矿山绝对地租构成,指出了矿产资源的特点决定了矿产资源计价不能采取地租“资本”化的形式,而应按年消耗资源的数量计取并提出了矿产资源计价的基本模型。