烟台市矿产资源的开发利用对策

烟台市矿产资原丰富,开采量大,资源消耗速度快,合理开发与科学保护是其可持续开发的重要措施．     

Adsorption and desorption of lanthanum at sulfide mineral surface

Batch adsorption experiment with four sulfide minerals - Chalcocite galena, pyrite and sphalerite - were used to study for the adsorption and desorp-tion behavior of La (III) in the presence of EDTA, a model humic matter. Linear adsorption was found in all cases.The presence of soluble organic complexing ligand should reduce the mobility of La (III) in porous media and its transport to groundwater in the percolating soil solution. Binding mechanism is proposed to account for this preferential binding behavior.     

Adsorption behavior of RH‐5992 insecticide onto sandy and clay loam forest soils

Abstract

Adsorption‐desorption behavior of RH‐5992 [Mimic®, N'‐t‐butyl‐N'‐(3,5‐dimethylbenzoyl)‐N‐(4‐ethylbenzoyl) hydrazine] in sandy and clay loam forest soils was studied using the batch equilibrium method. Adsorption was higher in the clay loam soil than in the sandy loam, and increased linearly with RH‐5992 concentration, but decreased with increasing pH and temperature. The adsorption data fit better to the Freundlich, than to the Langmuir equation. The K_D (linear adsorption constant) and K_F (Freundlich constant) were similar for each soil at 5, 15 and 25°C and decreased with increase of temperature, indicating that the enthalpy of adsorption was negative. The exponent of the Freundlich equation was close to unity for both soils at all three temperatures. The low E_a (energy of activation) indicated a diffusion‐controlled process during the initial stages of adsorption. The desorption isotherm differed from that of adsorption, and the linear desorption constant, K_D(d), was ca 25 times higher than the K_D, indicating that adsorption of RH‐5992 was not readily reversible. Evaluation of thermo‐dynamic parameters confirmed the presence of strong bonds between the solute and soil. These findings suggest that RH‐5992 has a limited potential for downward mobility leading to groundwater contamination.     

把握矿产远景调查项目的实践定位

在战略性矿产资源远景调查项目的实施过程中,正确把握项目的工作内容、工作方法和工作程度,做好与其他相关地质工作的合理衔接,是工作实践的难点。笔者认为:矿产远景调查是与区域地质调查有着不同目的、不同调查内容、不同研究内容的矿产地质工作;与地质科研的区别,是要采用矿产勘查的工作方法,注重野外实地测量,依照地质工作的相关规范和标准,形成服务于国家目标的公共地质资料产品;作为矿产勘查的前期基础,要为预查提交找矿靶区和新的矿产地。     

镁离子对氧化亚铁硫杆菌生物合成次生铁矿物的影响

通过摇瓶实验,在Mg2+分别为48,4.8mg/L,其他元素组成与9K液体培养基一致的体系中,采用氧化亚铁硫杆菌A. ferrooxidans催化合成次生铁矿物.考察了Mg2+含量对生物合成次生铁矿物体系pH值、氧化还原电位(ORP)、Fe2+氧化率、总Fe沉淀率、次生铁矿物矿相及矿物晶体尺寸的影响.结果表明,经过48h培养,Mg2+浓度为48,4.8mg/L生物成矿体系pH值分别从原来的2.50降低至2.30,2.19,ORP分别从初始259mV增加至269mV,276mV.两体系Fe2+氧化率培养至第48h均达到100%,然而两体系总Fe沉淀率及矿物形态及却不尽相同.Mg2+浓度为48mg/L生物成矿体系,总Fe沉淀率为23.7%,次生矿物紧密粘附于三角瓶底部.而Mg2+浓度为4.8mg/L生物成矿体系,总Fe沉淀率达到32.2%,次生矿物却均匀分散于溶液中.两体系合成次生铁矿物均为黄铁矾与施氏矿物共存的混合物,Mg2+含量4.8mg/L体系合成黄铁矾单个晶体长度(~1.60μm)约为Mg2+含量48mg/L体系的1.2倍.     

Effect of long-term application of corn stalks and inorganic fertilizers on fluorescence characteristics of water extractable organic matter in a meadow black soil of northeast China

ABSTRACT

Returning crop residues into fields, either alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizer, is considered as a practical way to enhance soil fertility. However, information concerning the effects of crop residues and inorganic fertilizer application on water extractable organic matter (WEOM) in soil is scarce. The aim of this study was to examine the 10-year effect of corn residue (CR) return with or without the application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizer on the quantity and quality of WEOM in a black soil of northeast China by means of ultraviolet absorbance, fluorescence excitation--emission matrix, and derived spectroscopic indices. The application of NPK fertilizers and CR, alone or together, increased the content of total soil organic carbon (SOC), water extractable organic carbon (WEOC), and ratio of WEOC/SOC, with the sequence being NPK + CR > CR > NPK > CK. Compared with control treatment, the individual application of NPK fertilizer decreased the aromaticity of WEOM. In contrast, elevated proportion of tryptophan-like fluorophore and microbially derived fulvic acid-like components with low molecular weight was detected in the WEOM. The amendment with CR alone resulted in increase in aromaticity of WEOM and proportion of plant-derived humic acid-like component with large molecular weight, accompanied by reduced proportion of tyrosine-like compounds. For the soil with CR restoration, the application of NPK fertilizer increased aromaticity of WEOM, and large molecular weight fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like compounds were found. However, the proportions of tyrosine-like and tryptophan-like compounds were diminished. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of WEOM using fluorescence spectroscopy describes responses to be observed in long-term different fertilization strategies.     

Major and minor element contents of calabash clay (nzu) from Abia State,Nigeria: evaluation of potential intake benefits and risks

Major and trace elements were determined in nzu (calabash clay) from Abia State, Nigeria, by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Mean calcium content was 1900 ± 100 mg/kg dry weight, followed by Na 1400 ± 96, Fe 1500 ± 480, K 260 ± 150, and Mg 100 ± 48 mg/kg. The mean concentration of Zn was 35 ± 5, Cu 16 ± 2.0, Mn 17 ± 5.0, Cr 10 ± 1.0, Ni 9.0 ± 2.0, Cd 4.3 ± 1.7, Co 3.9 ± 1.1, and Pb 3.0 ± 0.8 mg/kg. The contents of Ba and V were <0.4 mg/kg. The mean Pb content was higher than the WHO safe limit (0.4 mg/kg) and EU (1 mg/kg) limit for food. Estimates of daily intake of Cd, Cr, Fe, and Ni upon consuming 30–80g of nzu were above the recommended daily intake values. The Ba, Ca, Co, K, Mg, Na, and Zn contents should not exceed the recommended daily intake while Cd, Ni, and Pb would pose health risks, especially in pregnancy. The total target hazard quotient indicated potential health risks to consumers.     

Attenuation of metal species in acidic solutions using bentonite clay: implications for acid mine drainage remediation

A laboratory batch experimental study has been carried out to evaluate the adsorption capacity of selected metal species in acid mine drainage (AMD) by bentonite clay. Bentonite clay was mixed with simulated AMD at specific solid–liquid (S/L) ratios and agitated in a reciprocating shaker and adsorption of selected toxic metals assessed over time. Cation exchange capacity varied from 1140 to 1290 meq kg^?1. Contact of AMD with bentonite leads to increase in pH and a possible reduction in electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. At constant agitation time of 60 min, the pH increased with dosage of bentonite. Removal of Mn²⁺, Al ³⁺, and Fe³⁺ was observed to be greatest at 60 min of agitation. Bentonite clay exhibits high adsorption for Al³⁺ and Fe³⁺ at concentration less than 300 mg L^?1, while the capacity for Mn²⁺ was observed to be lower. Adsorption capacity for SO₄^2? was low with a great percentage of the SO₄^2? remaining in solution. Adsorption capacity of bentonite with more complex formulated AMD and gold tailing leachates was low for Fe³⁺, Al³⁺, and Mn²⁺. This indicates that optimum adsorption of bentonite clay is dependent on the chemistry of the AMD and its application might be site specific.     

精喹禾灵在高岭土和蒙脱石中的吸附行为

采用批量平衡实验,研究了精喹禾灵在蒙脱石和高岭土中的吸附行为及作用机理.结果表明,精喹禾灵在这两种供试黏土矿物中的吸附过程分为快速吸附、慢速吸附和吸附平衡3个阶段,吸附平衡时间都约为12 h;Langmuir模型能较好地描述其在两种供试黏土矿物中的吸附行为;蒙脱石和高岭土对精喹禾灵的最大吸附容量的关系为蒙脱石>高岭土;傅立叶变换红外光谱以及X-射线衍射分析显示,在吸附过程中精喹禾灵分子进入了蒙脱石层间,而未进入到高岭土层间;蒙脱石主要是通过其层间结构对精喹禾灵进行吸附,而高岭土则主要是通过硅氧外表面发生吸附,其吸附作用力主要是氢键.     

中国资源能源稀缺度因子及其在生命周期评价中的应用

在生命周期评价(Life Cycle Assessment, LCA)方法中,利用资源稀缺度因子,可以综合评价一个产品生命周期中总体的资源消耗水平。论文基于广泛采用的CML方法中的非生物资源消耗(Abiotic Depletion Potential, ADP)因子,通过引入中国的资源自给率修正,得出了中国非生物资源消耗因子(Chinese Abiotic Depletion Potential,CADP)及其指标。CADP因子可支持国内LCA研究和相关政策研究中的资源、能源消耗综合评价,同时也为其他国家或地区的资源评价提供了一种普遍适用的方法。案例研究表明,1 kWh电网电力的生命周期CADP指标为1.02 kg coal-R eq.,60.46%的贡献都来自于原煤资源的消耗,其次来自石油的消耗(11.63%),此外还包括基础设施建设中铜、镍等资源的消耗。