建立MFCA账户对竹产业节能减排和环境保护的影响研究

竹产业既是传统行业又是新兴产业,在国家提倡的节能减排和环境保护过程中扮演重要角色.通过分析竹产业的现状,十分有必要给竹产业企业建立MFCA账户.同时,通过对浙江S拉丝企业的MFCA分析,建议S竹拉丝企业在能量损耗和机械折旧率控制上减少不必要的消耗,如精准控制无聊投放的时间节点,并且减少系统资源成本,积极与当地政府沟通,达成在政策层面有效支持节能减排和环境保护的推广,如与环境紧密关联的负产品处置补贴等.     

基于纳米TiO2添加的新型航空涂料性能研究

目的解决纳米TiO_2在涂料中的团聚问题,同时实现增强涂层防腐蚀、疏水性能和耐紫外老化性能。方法以氯醚树脂为航空涂料的主要成膜物质,以经氟硅烷改性后的金红石型纳米TiO_2颗粒为主要吸光剂和疏水剂,配合其他合适填料和颜料制备一种新型航空涂料,通过拉拔法、硬度测试法、电化学极化曲线法、接触角测试法和人工紫外加速老化等测试手段分别对涂层的力学性能、电化学性能、疏水性能和耐紫外老化性能进行研究。结果改性后的金红石型纳米TiO_2颗粒的分散性及与氯醚树脂的相容性得到改善。当添加量为2%~3%时,涂层腐蚀防护性能、表面疏水性、耐紫外老化性能达到最佳,附着力、硬度等力学性能达到航空涂料的基本使用要求。结论该涂料有效地解决了纳米TiO_2在涂料中的团聚问题,提高了涂层的防腐蚀、疏水性能和耐紫外老化性能。     

上海市实施清洁空气行动计划的健康收益分析

为掌握上海市实施清洁空气行动计划(2013~2017年)的人群健康收益,综合采用空气质量数值模拟、健康风险评估、环境价值评估方法定量评价行动计划实施后居民大气PM_(2.5)暴露水平变化及健康和经济效益.结果表明,PM_(2.5)年均暴露浓度在35μg·m~(-3)及以下的人口比例由基准年的1.62%上升至控制年的34.06%,归因PM_(2.5)暴露死亡风险由基准年的15.2%下降至控制年的11.9%.实现的健康收益总和为118.41亿元(95%CI:50.24~178.19亿元),占2013年上海市国民生产总值0.55%(95%CI:0.23%~0.82%).行动计划的实施对保护人群健康具有积极作用,外环线以内人口密集且PM_(2.5)降幅较高的区域健康收益更加显著.     

基于能源消费情景模拟的北京市主要大气污染物和温室气体协同减排研究

在改善城市空气质量的同时降低温室气体(GHG)排放,是未来北京市能源管理和环境保护工作的共同目标和主要任务.本研究结合北京市中长期规划发展目标及能源消费结构,分别设置基于节能政策和环保要求的低、中、高这3种能源消费约束情景,并使用LEAP模型模拟预测3种情景下北京市主要大气污染物和GHG在2010～2020年间的减排效果.结果表明,通过加强节能减排和污染控制政策对能源消费系统施加约束和优化,至2020年北京市能源消费可降低1 000～3 000万tce,SO2、NOx、PM10/PM2.5、VOC和GHG排放量将分别降至7.1～10.02、15.92～21.87、8.98～13.38/5.14～9.60、5.64～7.48和14 820～16 470万t,与低约束情景相比,中、高情景下大气污染物和GHG排放将分别减少53%～67%、50%～64%、33%～55%/25%～60%、41%～55%和26～34%.进一步的协同减排分析表明,北京市应重点调控工业、交通、服务业部门的化石能源消费,在有效缓解能源消费压力的同时实现主要大气污染物与GHG的协同减排.     

Experiment-based investigations of magnesium dust explosion characteristics

An experimental investigation was carried out on magnesium dust explosions. Tests of explosion severity, flammability limit and solid inerting were conducted thanks to the Siwek 20 L vessel and influences of dust concentration, particle size, ignition energy, initial pressure and added inertant were taken into account. That magnesium dust is more of an explosion hazard than coal dust is confirmed and quantified by contrastive investigation. The Chinese procedure GB/T 16425 is overly conservative for LEL determination while EN 14034-3 yields realistic LEL data. It is also suggested that 2000-5000 J is the most appropriate ignition energy to use in the LEL determination of magnesium dusts, using the 20 L vessel. It is essential to point out that the overdriving phenomenon usually occurs for carbonaceous and less volatile metal materials is not notable for magnesium dusts. Trends of faster burning velocity and more efficient and adiabatic flame propagation are associated with fuel-rich dust clouds, smaller particles and hyperbaric conditions. Moreover, Inerting effectiveness of CaCO₃ appears to be higher than KCl values on thermodynamics, whereas KCl represents higher effectiveness upon kinetics. Finer inertant shows better inerting effectiveness.     

A simple method to harness DC (direct current) electrical energy generated by bacterial activity

We developed a new system for collecting electrons generated by bacterial activity to supply DC (direct current) electrical energy. This system used eight titanium sub-electrodes (surface area of each sub-electrode: 189 cm²) connected to one central main titanium electrode (surface area of electrode: 1571 cm²). The distance between each sub-electrode and the main electrode was 30 cm. In an initial experiment, we collected electrons during composting cattle excreta, which was mixed with a commercially available microbial compost activator/starter. We analysed the relationships between the composting temperature and electrical current and voltage. Electrons were effectively collected and used successfully to obtain DC electrical energy. Generation of a stable voltage of approximately 0.5 V was clearly observed. This voltage was not related to compost temperature; however, the generated electrical current increased and decreased with compost temperature. The method was then used in a second experiment to collect electrons generated by bacterial activity in an agricultural field (area: 48 m²). Electrons in the field were effectively collected, and we measured a stable voltage of approximately 1.1 V and a stable current of approximately 0.7 mA. The system has the advantages of being simple, easily maintained, inexpensive, and applicable to large-scale agricultural fields.     

Controls on sediment delivery in coastal plain rivers

Rivers crossing coastal plains are often inefficient conveyors of sediment, so that changes in upstream sediment dynamics are not evident at the river mouth. Extensive accommodation space and low stream power often result in extensive alluvial storage upstream of estuaries and correspondingly low sediment loads at the river mouth. However, gaging stations with sediment records are typically well upstream of the coast, and thus tend to overestimate sediment yields by under-representing the lower coastal plain and because there is often a net loss of sediment in lower coastal plain reaches. Studies of alluvial sediment storage have generally focused on accommodation space, but, using examples from Texas, we show that low transport capacity controlled largely by slope is a crucial factor.     

企业清洁生产审核过程的体会

企业清洁生产审核是企业实行清洁生产的重要前提.阐明了企业清洁生产审核的重要性、面临的形式、存在的问题,以及改进的措施和努力的方向.     

新能源整车控制器试验参数测试系统设计

为了满足新能源整车控制器试验参数测试的要求,本文设计了一种包括上位机、控制模块组、资源分配盒及相关设备的测试系统,详细说明了测试系统硬件平台设计和系统软件设计.测试结果表明,该系统具有可靠、灵活、智能化程度高和适用性强的特点.     

降低天然气压缩机组单位能耗的研究

文章以探索提某站4台伴生气天然气压缩机组运行时效作为研究目的,针对压缩机组运行过程中出现的机组排量低、运行参数偏离设计值等问题开展研究,采取调整余隙和增大动力缸上止点时燃烧室容积等措施,实现机组提高处理量、降低单位能耗的目的,在为企业节省生产运行成本的同时,实现节能减排。