浙江省造纸行业推行区域性清洁生产审核模式的探索

在浙江省造纸行业比较集中的富阳市,将一批生产白板纸的同类型企业作为一个区域整体,开展清洁生产审核工作。将富阳市8家造纸企业作为区域清洁生产审核模式的示范试点,并进行了初步研究。研究结果认为,区域性的清洁生产审核模式适用于所有行业,具有很强的推广性。     

在有机废水处理领域内的CDM项目分析

介绍清洁发展机制(CDM)的主要内容及国内外在废水领域的温室气体的排放现状。同时结合国内废水领域的温室气体的排放情况,以《中华人民共和国气候变化初始国家信息通报》的数据为基础,分析了CDM项目的经济、能源和环境效益。     

加快开发废橡胶能源利用的必要性分析

废橡胶能源利用有各种途径,从环境保护、回收利用难度、处理消耗量等多个方面的分析,可以看出废橡胶能源利用很有必要,我国必须要加快废橡胶能源利用的研究与开发。     

平顶山市区煤烟型大气污染现状及治理措施

分析了平顶山市区燃煤造成大气污染的严重现状及其原因,对实施"蓝天工程",提出了治理措施,政策措施,煤炭燃烧前、燃烧过程以及烟气排放三个阶段的除尘脱硫技术措施。     

微生物絮凝剂的研究进展及应用

系统介绍了微生物絮凝剂的定义、成份、制备及微生物絮凝剂的研究与应用进展等方面的知识,其中包括微生物絮凝剂的产生和培养条件、作用机理、合成絮凝剂的微生物种类,并预示了今后微生物絮凝剂领域的几个重要研究方向。     

Socioeconomic potential of carbon sequestration through agroforestry in the West African Sahel

The recognition of agroforestry as a greenhouse-gas mitigation strategy under the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) offers an opportunity to agroforestry practitioners to benefit from the global Carbon (C) credit market. Our knowledge on this important topic from the semiarid regions such as the West African Sahel (WAS) is, however, very limited. In order to fill this gap, this study was undertaken in the Ségou region of Mali (annual temperature, 29°C; annual rainfall, 300–700 mm in 60 to 90 days), focusing on two improved agroforestry systems (live fence and fodder bank) along with traditional parkland agroforestry systems of the region. A cost–benefit analysis was conducted to assess the economic profitability and risks associated with the systems considering them as 25-year projects and their potential for participation in C credit market. The traditional systems had high C stock in their biomass and soil, but little potential for sequestering additional C; on the other hand, the improved systems had low C stock, but high sequestration potential. For the standard size live fence (291 m) and fodder bank (0.25 ha) projects, the estimated net present values (NPV) were $ 96.0 and $158.8 without C credit sale, and $109.9 and $179.3 with C sale, respectively. From the C sale perspective, live fence seemed less risky and more profitable than fodder bank. Carbon credit sale is likely to contribute to economic development of the subsistence farmers in the WAS.

Impact of bioenergy crops in a carbon dioxide constrained world: an application of the MiniCAM energy-agriculture and land use model

In the coming century, modern bioenergy crops have the potential to play a crucial role in the global energy mix, especially under policies to reduce carbon dioxide emissions as proposed by many in the international community. Previous studies have not fully addressed many of the dynamic interactions and effects of a policy-induced expansion of bioenergy crop production, particularly on crop yields and human food demand. This study combines an updated agriculture and land use (AgLU) model with a well-developed energy-economic model to provide an analysis of the effects of bioenergy crops on energy, agricultural and land use systems. The results indicate that carbon dioxide mitigation policies can stimulate a large production of bioenergy crops, dependent on the level of the policy. This production of bioenergy crops can lead to several impacts on the agriculture and land use system: decreases in forestland and unmanaged land, decreases in the average yield of food crops, increases in the prices of food crops, and decreases in the level of human demand of calories.

智能供氧系统在污水领域的应用研究

绍兴污水处理厂二期工程采用的是延时曝气工艺,生物氧化池是其核心工艺所在,在实际运行中,生物氧化池中溶解氧的数值波动大,较难实现稳定控制,通常采用滞后调整的控制方式,易造成能耗增加。为合理控制供气量,降低运行成本,利用欧洲的智能供氧技术,在经过小试的基础上,对二期其中一组生物氧化池进行中试,通过对几个月的试验数据进行对比分析,溶解氧控制较为平稳,供风量有所降低,从而实现了安全供氧和经济供氧,推动污水处理厂的精细化操作向纵深化发展。     

Carbon neutral Biggar: calculating the community carbon footprint and renewable energy options for footprint reduction

The objective of this research was to develop a community carbon footprint model that could be used to assess the size and major components of a community’s carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. The town of Biggar aims to become Scotland’s first carbon neutral town. As expected for this rural community, car transport accounted for nearly half of the CO₂ emissions, with natural gas and electricity consumption resulting in a further 24% and 12% of total emissions, respectively, and air travel being the last major component at 10% of emissions. An assessment was also made of the wind and solar resources of the town. One large wind turbine would provide the town’s electricity, while three to four turbines would be needed to offset all CO₂ emissions. In contrast, offsetting by tree planting would require in the region of 2,000 ha of trees.

Pre-feasibility study of stand-alone hybrid energy systems for applications in eco-houses

In light of rising cost of fossil fuels and fears of its depletion, coupled with the increase in energy demand and the rise in pollution levels, governments worldwide have had to look at alternative energy resources. Combining renewable energy generation like solar power with superior storage and conversion technology such as hydrogen storage, fuel cells and batteries offers a potential solution for a stand-alone power system. The aim of this paper was to assess the techno-economic feasibility of using a hybrid energy system with hydrogen fuel cell for application in an eco-house that will be built in Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman. Actual load data for a typical Omani house of a similar size as the eco-house was considered as the stand-alone load with an average energy consumption of 40 kW/day and 5 kW peak power demand. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory's Hybrid Optimisation Model for Electric Renewable software was used as a sizing and optimisation tool for the system. It was found that the total annual electrical energy production is 42,255 kW and the cost of energy for this hybrid system is 0.582 $/kW. During daylight time, when the solar radiation is high, the photovoltaics (PV) panels supplied most of the load requirements. Moreover, during the evening time the fuel cell mainly serves the house with the help of the batteries. The proposed system is capable of providing the required energy to the eco-house during the whole year using only the solar irradiance as the primary source.