Neighborhood form and CO2 emission: evidence from 23 neighborhoods in Jinan, China

To understand the household C02 emission level in China, as well as how much the neighborhoods＇ socio-economic or design factors could influence the CO2 emission, 23 neighborhoods in Jinan were investigated in 2009 and 2010. These neighborhoods fall into four different types： superblock, enclave, grid and traditional. The household CO2 emission includes sources of both in- home energy use and passenger transportation. The average CO2 emission per household is 7.66 t.a^-1, including 6.87 t in-home operational emission and 792 kg transportation emission. The household CO2 emission by neighborhood categories is 10.97, 5.65, 6.49, 5.40 t-household-1. a-1 for superblock, enclave, grid and tradi- tional respectively. Superblock has the highest average emission and also the highest percent （more than 25%） of transportation emission among four different types of neighborhoods. The residential CO2 emission of superb- lock neighborhoods in Jinan has already reached the level in developed countries nearly ten years ago. It is predictable that more superblock neighborhoods would be built in China with the fast urbanization. How to avoid the rapid household CO2 emission growth in the future would be a systematic issue. The study also found that in addition to income and apartment area, household density, land use mix and accessibility to public transportation are three primary factors which have significant impacts on CO2 emission. High density, mixed land use and convenient accessibility to public transportation tend to reduce household CO2 emission.     

Cleaning the energy sources for water heating among Nanjing households: barriers and opportunities for solar and natural gas

Energy for water heating accounts for an increasing part in residential energy demand in China. An extensive survey was conducted to analyze the determinants of household energy choices for water heaters among residents in Nanjing, China. Two sets of variables were examined as potential influences： building features and household socio-economic characteristics. Results suggest that building features such as gas availability and building structures, and household characteristics such as household head＇s education degree and energy-conserving sense are crucial determinants in choosing natural gas as water heater energy. Installation permission for solar water heater, building stories, and residential location serve as determining factors in choosing solar water heaters. Based on these, barriers and opportunities are discussed for transitions toward cleaner water heating energies, and suggestions are given for local governments to promote cleaner energy replacement in China.     

A review on application of flocculants in wastewater treatment

Flocculation is an essential phenomenon in industrial wastewater treatment. Inorganic coagulants (salts of multivalent metals) are being commonly used due to its low cost and ease of use. However, their application is constrained with low flocculating efficiency and the presence of residue metal concentration in the treated water. Organic polymeric flocculants are widely used nowadays due to its remarkable ability to flocculate efficiently with low dosage. However, its application is associated with lack of biodegradability and dispersion of monomers residue in water that may represent a health hazard. Therefore, biopolymers based flocculants have been attracting wide interest of researchers because they have the advantages of biodegradability and environmental friendly. But, natural flocculants are needed in large dosage due to its moderate flocculating efficiency and shorter shelf life. Thus, in order to combine the best properties of both, synthetic polymers are grafted onto the backbone of natural polymers to obtain tailor-made grafted flocculants. This paper gives an overview of the development of different types of flocculants that were being investigated for treatment of industrial wastewater. Furthermore, their flocculation performance will be reviewed and the flocculation mechanism will be discussed.     

某水电站库首右岸拉裂变形体形成机理研究

某水电站库首右岸存在一个拉裂变形体,低线施工公路从陡峭拉裂变形体山坡下部通过。低线公路开挖完成后路堑边坡发生局部塌滑,于2003年5月在其上部形成浅层滑坡体(1000多方)。结合拉裂变形体的分析和治理工作,在统计分析大量勘探资料的基础上,提出了该拉裂变形体是边坡在自重应力和构造应力的复合应力场下快速却荷引起岩体的浅表生改造,形成如荷松动岩体,后期在低线公路祠室大爆破开挖施工、下部坡体切脚和基雨的影响下形成浅层滑坡体,并逐步向上扩展的形成机理。     

煤炭行业推行清洁生产的紧迫性及对策研究

通过对煤炭资源开发利用特征及其对生态环境破坏的现状分析,说明煤炭开采造成的生态破坏已成为我国可持续发展的制约因素.分析了煤炭行业推行清洁生产的必要性,并根据当前煤炭行业清洁生产中存在的问题,提出相应的对策.     

我国未来能源消费及其对环境的影响分析

随着我国经济的发展和城市化水平的提高,未来的能源消费状况及由此带来的环境污染问题日益受到人们的关注.本文简要回顾了1 980年以来我国能源消费状况并分析了相应的环境问题,对我国未来能源消费状况及可能带来的环境影响设置了3种情景进行预测和分析,得出我国今后因能源消费的SO₂、NO_x、CO₂和烟尘等排放量依然很高,但不同情景的预测结果有较大区别,并提出通过提高能源效率以及加强清洁、可再生能源的开发利用来解决能源消费带来的环境污染问题.     

动态惩罚机制下企业安全生产行为演化分析

为揭示动态惩罚机制下企业安全生产行为规律,以企业成本和收益为基础,通过区域内所有企业的博弈,运用演化博弈理论研究不同策略下企业对安全生产投入达标行为演化趋势.研究结果表明:当政府监管能力有约束时,无论企业是否明确预设控制目标,均可能出现投机心理,而政府加大惩罚力度可有效改善整体安全生产水平;同时,企业明确控制目标时,通...     

聚硫代酰胺修饰活性炭对Au(Ⅲ)的选择性吸附效果与机制

通过在活性炭(AC)上原位合成聚硫代酰胺(PTA),成功制备了一种聚硫代酰胺修饰的活性炭基吸附材料(AC-PTA),研究其对废水中三价金[Au(Ⅲ)]的选择性吸附效果及机制.结果表明,AC-PTA在较宽的pH范围(＜5.0)内对多金属离子共存溶液中的Au(Ⅲ)表现出优异的选择性吸附性能,Au(Ⅲ)的剩余浓度小于0.1m...     

不同pH值下腐殖酸反渗透膜污染中的界面相互作用解析

应用extended derjaguin-landau-verwey-overbeek (扩展DLVO) 理论评价不同pH值下范德华力、静电力、疏水性力3种界面相互作用对腐殖酸反渗透(reverse osmosis, RO)膜污染的贡献,探究pH值影响腐殖酸RO膜污染的主控机制.对3种常规RO膜的理论分析结果表明,静电力对腐殖酸RO膜污染的贡献很小,范德华力使膜污染加剧;疏水性力会减缓膜污染.与前期粘附阶段相比,后期粘聚阶段中范德华力的贡献有所增大,疏水性力在2个污染阶段中均起主导作用.膜污染随pH值的降低而加重,疏水性力作用能的改变是pH值影响系统界面自由能的主控机制.相应pH值下3种RO膜过滤实验数据及其相关性分析结果表明,扩展DLVO理论能定量评价3种界面相互作用的贡献,界面自由能和膜污染之间有很好的相关关系,RO膜纯水接触角的数值不宜作为评价膜污染的指标.     

经济转型中的中国废钢铁投资市场

废钢铁产业是我国再生资源产业的主体,其节能减排、低碳环保和不可替代的钢铁原料功效十分显著。阐述了我国废钢铁产业在经济转型中的主导地位、应用价值、投资环境及今后的发展战略。指出我国经济发展方式的转变,赋予了废钢铁产业良好的发展机遇和重大的历史使命,中国废钢产业具有良好的投资市场和巨大的发展空间。