Effects of atmospheric mercury pollution on terrestrial ecosystem in Chongqing, China

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＭｅｒｃｕｒｙ(Ｈｇ)ａｓａｇｌｏｂａｌｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｈａｓｃａｕｓｅｄｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｗｏｒｌｄｗｉｄｅｓｉｎｃｅｔｈｅｅｎｄｏｆ 1980ｓ.Ｉｔｉｓｅｍｉｔｔｅｄｔｏｔｈｅａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｅｆｒｏｍｂｏｔｈａｎｔｈｒｏｐｏｇｅｎｉｃａｎｄｎａｔｕｒａｌｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ.Ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｓｏｕｒｃｅｏｆｔｈｅｆｏｒｍｅｒｉｓｔｈｅｄｉｓｃｈａｒｇｅｆｒｏｍ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｕｓｅｏｆＨｇａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｔｈｅｃｏｍｂｕｓｔｉｏｎｏｆｆｏｓｓｉｌｆｕｅｌｓ(Ｎｒｉ…     

The application of life cycle assessment to design

This paper explores the practical application of life cycle assessment (LCA) to product system development. While life cycle assessment methods have been studied and demonstrated extensively over the last two decades, their application to product design and development has not been critically addressed. Many organizational and operational factors limit the integration of the three LCA components (inventory analysis, impact assessment and improvement assessment) with product development. Design of the product system can be considered a synthesis of individual decisions and choices made by the design team, which ultimately shape the system's environmental profile. The environmental goal of life cycle design is to minimize the aggregate environmental impacts associated with the product system. Appropriate environmental information must be supplied to decision makers throughout each stage of the development process to achieve this goal. LCA can serve as a source of this information, but informational requirements can vary as the design moves from its conceptual phase, where many design choices are possible, to its detailed design and implementation. Streamlined approaches and other tools, such as design checklists, are essential. The practical use of this tool in product development also depends on the nature and complexity of the product system (e.g. new vs. established), the product development cycle (time-to-market constraints), availability of technical and financial resources, and the design approach (integrated vs. serial). These factors will influence the role and scope of LCA in product development. Effective communication and evaluation of environmental information and the integration of this information with cost, performance, cultural and legal criteria will also be critical to the success of design initiatives based on the life cycle framework. An overview of several of these design initiatives will be presented.     

农业清洁生产与东圳水库饮用水源保护

以东圳水库为例论述了饮用水源保护与库区果园实行农业清洁生产的关系，并对饮用水源的保护提出一些对策措施。     

生命周期评价在水泥企业清洁生产审核中的应用

利用生命周期评价工具对企业的生产过程进行全面分析与评价，做好企业清洁生产的审核工作具有重要理论研究价值和现实应用意义。运用生命周期评价方法对重庆小南海水泥厂普通硅酸盐水泥生产过程进行了初步评价，认识了普通硅酸盐水泥生产过程的环境协调性，为普通硅酸盐水泥进一步提高环境性能提供了理论依据。     

简述乌兰水泥有限责任公司实施清洁生产的成就和经验

本文简述了乌兰水泥有限责任公司在生产管理和生产过程中主动实施清洁生产的一些经验和成绩。即从项目建设初期就严格执行国家有关环保的法律法规，如“三同时”制度并将清洁生产的理念贯穿于管理和生产的始终，到污染治理方面选用有效的技术措施和管理手段等。简述了先进环保设施及科学管理手段是实现清洁生产的根本。     

降低油品储运损耗 改善大气环境

从石油开采到成品油进入清费的过程中，损耗量约占原油量的3％－5％，其中储运过程中的损耗占总耗的40％－50％，着重论述了油品储运过程中降低损耗的措施，以减少经济损失和对环境的破坏。     

加强工业污染防治 实现环保全面达标

对燕化公司开展环保全面达标工作做了综述和总结，几年的综合污染防治工作证明，加强环保管理、持续推行清洁生产和较先进的污染治理技术促进了燕化公司经济和生产的发展，同时降低了废物排放，取得了明显的效果。     

依靠安全科技搞好安全生产

对搞好安全生产必须依靠安全科技进行了论述.提出了在安全工作中必须运用科技手段的必要性和必须正视的几个现实问题.     

New findings on the generation of waste and emissions, and a modified cleaner production assessment approach-illustrated by leather production

New findings on the causes of waste and emissions, which were obtained from analysing numerous material streams in various sectors of industry, are presented in this article. It describes the implications of these findings for the vision of clean production, for formulating environmental policy concerning cleaner production targets, for the opportunities to assess to what extent the cleaner production targets have been met, and for the cleaner production assessment. A modified cleaner production assessment approach is presented, and illustrated using leather production as an example. The consequent implications for the diffusion of cleaner production are discussed.     

从摇蓝到坟墓的污染预防:生命周期评价

随着污染形势的恶化,原有的亡羊补牢式的污染末端治理已经不能够满足环境污染发展的新要求,生命周期评价的概念就是从一个更宏观的角度,以更全面的视角来分析环境污染的产生和预防;本文从生命周期评价的概念、发展、方法和应用等几个方面对其进行较为全面的介绍.