Cleaner industrial production practice in Ethiopia: problems and prospects

In this article, cleaner industrial production (CIP) from the Ethiopian perception, the conditions for implementation, the barriers encountered during implementation and the strategies used are discussed. In addition, the outcome of the project is highlighted.The barriers related to the implementation of Industrial CIP in Ethiopia are mainly due to:

• the lack of awareness on the part of the industrial sector;

• the lack of commitments from the high level management;

• the nature of the existing factories.

Cleaner production as a concept is not yet fully understood in Ethiopia and for this a vigorous awareness campaign has to continuously be conducted through all possible media. So far, awareness seminars, workshops and demonstration projects have been held and proved to be effective in facilitating the implementation of National Cleaner Industrial Production Project of Ethiopia (NACIPPE 1 and 2). It was, however, sad to note that at the time of the campaign, government promulgated a decree to the effect that state-owned factories were going to be privatized any time, which, to a considerable extent lowered the management's commitment towards the CIP projects.The first and second phases of NACIPPE 1 and 2 were implemented in 1997 and 1998 respectively. Forty industries from public and private sectors participated in the training and waste audit exercises and a total of 61 audit experts and 156 audit assistants were trained. The package was divided into three technical training components and three waste audit practices. The technical support was extended by hiring a private enterprise, Chem. Tech. Center Sh. Co.     

建设项目清洁生产能力评估方法

清洁生产能力评估将清洁生产概念引入建设项目环境影响评价，对实现经济与环境可持续发展具有重要意义。探讨清洁生产能力评估的必要性，可能性及方法，并对前景进行展望。     

Implementation of cleaner production in small and medium-sized enterprises

The aim of this article is to analyse whether it is possible for an external group to act as a catalyst when trying to make small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) adopt a cleaner production concept. At Linköping University, Sweden, nine SMEs cooperated in a cleaner production project that uses the University and the County Administration as catalysts. This article is based on a survey that evaluated the project. The survey shows that the SMEs did modify their products and processes after taking part in the project. They were especially successful in changing their products. Why products were changed to a larger extent than processes is not fully understood. Maybe this was done as a part of introducing a preventive environmental care system. Most SMEs did, as a part of introducing an environmental care system, introduce an environmental policy and an educational programme. The SMEs also experienced lower costs and better cooperation with the authorities. A reason for this is the good cooperation between the three participants of the project. In general, the SMEs did not think that they had gained marketing benefits. This attitude could have been different if more SMEs from the same value chain (supplier-producer-wholesalers-customer) had been involved.     

浅谈一元线性回归在清洁生产审核中的应用

回归分析法是分析相关因素相互关系的一种数理统计方法,这种方法通常应用在预测分析中,如在市场预测时的产品需求预测,而这种方法亦可用于企业清洁生产审核,通过建立一元回归方程,从而表明消耗-生产之间的关系,并更深入地对绩效进行简单的分析,本文就一元线性回归在企业清洁生产审核中的应用进行了简要论述.     

钢结构件生产加工项目环境影响评价技术浅议

介绍了钢结构件生产加工项目环境影响评价中工程分析、污染防治措施以及清洁生产等方面的环境影响评价要点,以期为同类项目的环境影响评价、污染治理和环境管理提供参考。     

广州市在用汽车排气检测执行新标准的初步分析

在广州市机动车排气检测工作中，对在用汽车（指已上牌的汽车）在路检、抽检、复测和被举报冒黑烟车辆检测已经全面执行GB 18585-2005和GB 3847-2005国家新标准。文章对执行新标准实际工作中的技术问题和检测结果作了初步分析，并提出了相应的建议。     

爆破法制浆工艺及其生产废水污染防治措施探讨

文章对麦草爆破法制浆生产工艺、原材料消耗、能耗、污染负荷等多方面进行论述,分析该工艺特点及其生产废水水质情况,并针对性的提出爆破法制浆生产废水污染防治措施。     

建设项目环境影响评价的清洁生产分析

根据目前建设项目环境影响评价中的清洁生产分析存在的实际问题,提出了一种比较完善的清洁生产分析方法。即原材料指标，产品指标，资源指标和污染物产生指标定性，定量分级综合评价法，并用3种生活垃圾处理方法为对象进行了实例验证。对在环境影响评价中开展清洁生产分析工作提出了进一步的建议。     

低浓度硝基苯标准样品的考核

提出了在四级站的考核项目中，在考核低浓度硝基苯标准样品时通过改进：曲线绘制方法、取过滤液方法、调pH值方法、标样稀释方法等手段提高考核结果的准确性。     

推行清洁生产是防治污染的有效方法

概述了清洁生产的重要性，以大庆化工二厂为例，阐述了推行清洁生产收到的显著的经济和环境效益