内蒙古煤炭行业的清洁生产及其相关技术的研究

本文在对内蒙古自治区煤炭行业发展现状分析的基础上,借鉴国内外煤炭行业及其企业推行清洁生产的实践经验,以循环经济"3R"原则,即减量化、再使用、资源化为指导,针对煤炭行业的污染特性,对适合本地区煤炭行业实施清洁生产的主要内容和相关技术进行了研究.     

规模化牲畜养殖场的环境效应及其对策

通过对江苏省2个典型地区的4个生猪养殖场的饲料、牲畜排泄物、土壤、地表水及水土水中养分状况的调查采样与分析，对牲畜规模养殖的环境效应进行了评价。在此基础上，对牲畜养殖排泄物的养分管理与资源化利用提出了建议，并通过对牲畜排泄物中养分状况及作物养分需求状况的分析统计，提出了种植－养殖区域养分平衡管理模式。     

石油勘探开发过程中推行清洁生产初探

就如何搞好石油勘探开发过程中的清洁生产进行了研究和探讨，总结了现行的清洁生产技术。对搞好石油勘探开发过程中的环保工作有一定的作用。     

Comparison of biomass production and biological nitrogen fixation of multi-species pastures (mixed herb leys) with perennial ryegrass-white clover pasture with and without irrigation in Canterbury, New Zealand

Legume-based pastures in Australasia are predominantly perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.). These pastures have disadvantages such as limitations in the production and persistence of white clover and ryegrass in drought prone regions. With the increasing interest in organic agriculture, more complex pasture mixtures are seen as an alternative to the standard ryegrass-white clover (RWC) pasture. Although anecdotal evidence exists to support the benefits of alternative pastures, there is insufficient scientific evidence to support or refute these claims. The present study was conducted to compare three different alternative multi-species (mixed herb leys) (MSP) pastures with the standard RWC pasture with and without irrigation, in terms of biomass and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) over a period of 1 year under field conditions in Canterbury, New Zealand. Isotopic dilution technique involving field ¹⁵N-microplots were used to measure BNF. Irrigation doubled dry matter yields (DMY) of all pastures compared with those under dryland. There was no significant difference between DMY of all pastures under dryland. However, under irrigation, MSP pastures out-yield RWC pasture in total and legume DMY. Red clover MSP produced significantly lower DMY than the comprehensive or lucerne MSP treatment, probably due to the ability of lucerne in extracting water from deeper soil depth. Seasonal changes in plant composition varied according to the species sown, soil moisture status and temperature. Total and seasonal amounts of N₂ fixed followed the same trend as the DMY and were related to the DMY of legumes. On average, about 26–34 kg N was fixed per tonne of legume DMY, showing a uniformity across all pastures. Overall, based on the present results of 1-year study, the MSP pastures tend to result in higher DMY, BNF and legume growth compared with that of the RWC pasture, provided irrigation is available. With increased BNF, these irrigated MSP pastures may provide high quality feed to grazing animals.     

从ISO14000的实施论清洁生产的市场机制

在回顾市场机制在ISO14000标准成功实施中的作用基础上,对我国清洁生产推动中市场机制的缺乏而影响清洁生产的实施效果进行了反思,提出了基于市场的清洁生产推动机制的设想。     

Cleaner production for continuous digester processes based on hybrid Pareto genetic algorithm

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探析清洁生产模式在化工企业的应用与效益

介绍了河南神马尼龙化工公司的生产工艺及存在的主要环境问题,指出进行清洁生产的必要性和可行性,并从生产工艺改进、水再生及回用、设备改造、废物回收利用及清洁生产管理等多个方面介绍了河南神马尼龙化工公司实施清洁生产的具体措施,分析了该企业实施清洁生产后产生的效果,实施后达到了充分优化工艺、回收资源、降低系统能耗、减少污染排放、保护环境并取得了良好经济效益和社会效益的三赢目的,对相关企业起到相应的参考作用,从而可以加快清洁生产在化工企业的应用.     

造纸行业环境影响评价中清洁生产评价的实践与思考

造纸行业是资金密集型、技术密集型产业,企业能耗、水耗、资源消耗很大.随着产品产量的增加,行业污染物排放量势必存在增长趋势,造纸行业清洁生产潜力巨大,造纸项目环境影响评价中的清洁生产水平评价变得越来越重要.就造纸行业环境影响评价中清洁生产水平评价的评价指标、评价方法、评价工作中遇到的实际问题以及当前形势对环境影响评价的更高要求以及应对办法等进行了论述.     

弹簧支吊架在管道设计上的应用

安全生产、环境保护，对技术密集、连续化生产，易燃易爆的石油化工企业尤为重要。炼油厂装置区装有带油、带压，有毒可燃、腐蚀性物料和气体的设备及管道，对炼厂的安全，环保构成威胁。如何在管道设计过程中合理设计是保证管道和设备正常运行的关键     

水解-酸化-好氧工艺处理染料废水的应用

介绍了水解-酸化-好氧工艺处理染料生产废水。长期运行结果表明，当染料生产废水的COD质量浓度〈2000mg．L^-1时，在水解反应器、酸化反应器和曝气池的水力停留时间（HRD分别为7．0，7．0和6．0h的条件下，出水可以达到国家二级排放标准。水解-酸化过程提高了染料生产废水的可生化性，为后续好氧处理创造了条件。