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21.
对张八岭地区的构造特征、演化及其动力学有不同解释。通过1:5万张八岭幅、珠龙幅区域地质调查.从地层、岩石组合、岩石化学、岩浆岩、构造变形和变质等研究认为.该区从中新元古代起,经历了成谷、沉积.下沉、顺层剪切、深部熔融、塑性流动、层间褶皱.叠加折劈、宽缓褶曲、逆掩推覆,壳层滑动、熔融成浆、聚浆热隆、侵入或喷发.剥蚀夷平、堆积充填等铸成现今地貌景观.引起上述构造特征和演化的动力源自重力、热力和地球自转速率变化的惯性离心力等的结合与转化,它们在每个阶段各自所起的作用不同,就产生不同构造特征,推动区域构造演化. 相似文献
22.
本文从阐述生态经济系统、生态经济平衡和生态经济效益等生态经济学的基本范围入手,揭示生态经济问题产生和演变的内在机理——生态经济系统的基本矛盾;从经济发展、人口增长、生产力进步而与资源缺口、环境容量、生态平衡等的相互关系,分析生态经济基本矛盾的种种表现;从原始社会、农业社会的工业社会等几个主要阶段,阐明生态经济基本矛盾产生和发展的一般过程;并从自然生态系统与社会经济系统在运动周期性、有序性、运行路线与运行机制等方面异同,着重论述产生生态经济基本矛盾的原因,进一步阐明生态问题演变的规律性。探讨解决生态经济基本矛盾的途径,即通过控制人口,转变经济增长方式,实施资源替代战略和地域优势互补,建立生态化的产业和区域发展模式,进行环境与资源市场化的制度创新,实现人口、资源、环境与经济的协调发展。 相似文献
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Proost Stef Van Regemorter Denise 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2004,9(4):453-473
In this paper we discuss the effects ofdifferent climate change policies onindustrial activity and on welfare. Wecompare the effects of carbon taxes andgrandfathered permits and the effects ofexemptions for energy-intensive industries.We survey first the insights from economictheory and from model experiments for theUS. Next we use a general equilibrium modelto assess the effect of different climatechange policies on industrial activity persector and per member country in the EU. Wepay particular attention to the effects ofpolicies where one EU member state exemptsits energy-intensive sectors from abatementefforts. The main findings are that, in theEU, the effects on industrial activity andthe welfare costs of tradable permits orcarbon taxes are small when no industrialsectors are exempted. When one membercountry exempts its energy intensivesector, this will reduce somewhat theimpact on its activity level but willgenerate an extra welfare cost for theEU. 相似文献
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Torvanger Asbjørn Rypdal Kristin Kallbekken Steffen 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2005,10(4):693-715
Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage is increasingly being considered as an important climate change mitigation option. This paper explores
provisions for including geological CO2 storage in climate policy. The storage capacity of Norway's Continental Shelf is alone sufficient to store a large share
of European CO2 emissions for many decades. If CO2 is injected into oil reservoirs there is an additional benefit in terms of enhanced oil recovery. However, there are significant
technical and economic challenges, including the large investment in infrastructure required, with related economies of scale
properties. Thus CO2 capture, transportation and storage projects are likely to be more economically attractive if developed on a large scale,
which could mean involving two or more nations. An additional challenge is the risk of future leakages from storage sites,
where the government must take on a major responsibility. In institutional and policy terms, important challenges are the
unsettled status of geological CO2 storage as a policy measure in the Kyoto Protocol, lack of relevant reporting and verification procedures, and lack of decisions
on how the option should be linked to the flexibility mechanisms under the Kyoto Protocol. In terms of competitiveness with
expected prices for CO2 permits under Kyoto Protocol trading, the relatively high costs per tonne of CO2 stored means that geological CO2 storage is primarily of interest where enhanced oil recovery is possible. These shortcomings and uncertainties mean that
companies and governments today only have weak incentives to venture into geological CO2 storage. 相似文献
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The long time scale of the climate change problem and the inherent nature of the carbon cycle bring important implications for present technology development efforts. Even if major technology improvements are achieved for non-carbon-emitting technologies such as energy-intensity improvements, wind, solar, biomass, and nuclear over the course of the 21st century, most examinations of potential future greenhouse emissions conclude that additional technology development will be required to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations. The evelopment of an expanded suite of technologies including carbon capture and disposal, hydrogen systems and biotechnology hold the potential to dramatically reduce the cost of stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations. This paper examines these technologies in the context of a global integrated assessment model of energy, agriculture, land-use, economics, and carbon cycle processes. 相似文献
30.
以低纬高原城市昆明市为研究对象,通过比较分析,得出以下结论昆明地区受全球气候变暖影响年平均气温约升高0.5℃/a左右;由于城市面积扩大导致昆明的室内外气温均升高,其中室内气温升高幅度大于室外气温,干季大于雨季;不论是干季还是雨季,城市增温效应与城市建成区面积、城市人口均有较好的相关关系.城市建成区面积增加对平均气温的影响较大;而城市人口增加对平均室内气温的影响较大.城市建成区面积每增加1km2,年平均室内气温将升高0.0054℃;年平均气温升高0.012℃.而城市人口增加1 万人,年平均室内气温升高0.0259℃;年平均气温升高0.0098℃. 相似文献