北京市丰台区永定河以东浅层地下水水化学演变规律及成因分析

为更好支撑北京市丰台区地下水资源开发利用、污染管控与防治工作,以丰台区永定河以东区域枯水期浅层地下水长序列监测数据为基础,综合运用数理统计、Gibbs图和离子比例分析等方法探究了丰台区地下水水化学演变规律、形成机制及污染来源,结果表明：①研究区现状地下水质量整体较差,地下水中各指标平均浓度自1976年至今呈先升高后降低趋势,Cl^-、SO₄^2-和总硬度（TH）污染范围总体呈扩大趋势,溶解性总固体（TDS）和硝酸盐氮（NO₃^-）污染范围以2005年为拐点呈先扩大后缩小趋势;②各年份地下水中优势阴、阳离子均为HCO₃^-和Ca²⁺,1976年和2021年地下水水化学类型数依次为8和17种,其主要水型依次为HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg·Na（40%）和HCO₃·Cl·SO₄-Ca·Na·Mg（23.88%）,各年份区域范围内与沿地下水流向上地下水水化学类型均呈现复杂化趋势,地下水水文地球化学演变过程中水化学组分受人为活动影响显著;③地下水受岩石风化和蒸发结晶双重作用,且以蒸发作用为主,地下水阳离子交替作用较弱,碳酸盐矿物的溶解为Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺的主要来源;④离子比例分析得出,外源输入的NO₃^-和Cl^-主要来源于农业活动、城市污水,且2005年前农业活动污染影响较大,与研究区历史上大量渗坑、渗井、工业和生活污水灌溉直排关系密切.     

长江口没冒沙演变过程及其对水库工程的响应

研究南槽没冒沙演变规律,可以为筑库引淡蓄水工程建设提供科学依据。根据该海区近百年来各个时期的海图和20年来的实测水文泥沙等资料以及2003、2004年的现场观测数据,探讨了没冒沙的形成及形成后的演变过程。研究表明：没冒沙的形成和发育经历了局部边滩冲刷、边滩沙嘴发育和沙脊形成3个阶段;近半个世纪来,沙体中轴位置在稳定强劲的涨落潮流作用下呈现出西北—东南走向的良好的稳定性,具有潮流脊性质。而蓄淡水库工程建设将有可能使南槽成为适应进出水沙量的新型河槽。     

Climate pioneership and leadership in structurally disadvantaged maritime port cities

ABSTRACT

Innovative climate governance in small-to-medium-sized structurally disadvantaged cities (SDCs) are assessed. Considering their deeply ingrained severe economic and social problems it would be reasonable to assume that SDCs act primarily as climate laggards or at best as followers. However, novel empirical findings show that SDCs are capable of acting as climate pioneers. Different types and styles of climate leadership and pioneership and how they operate within multi-level and polycentric governance structures are identified and assessed. SDCs seem relatively readily willing to adopt transformational climate pioneership styles to create ‘green’ jobs, for example, in the offshore wind energy sector and with the aim of improving their poor external image. However, in order to sustain transformational climate pioneership they often have to rely on support from ‘higher’ levels of governance. For SDCs, there is a tension between learning from each other’s best practice and fierce economic competition in climate innovation.     

长江中游荆南三口断流时间演变特征及其影响机制

研究河道断流演变特征对认识区域水文过程及人类活动具有重要作用。论文依据1951—2014年水文气候实测数据,运用Mann-Kendall检验法,以及蒸散发-断流天数和降水-径流双累积曲线统计模型等方法分析了长江中游荆南三口断流时间演变特征及其影响机制,结果表明：1）对各时期荆南三口平均断流天数而言,1951—2014年呈逐期増加趋势,且趋势性变化显著,而在2003—2014年间,断流天数虽也增加,但趋势性变化不显著,即增加趋势逐渐减缓;2）影响荆南三口断流天数增减変化的是径流变化过程,而导致径流变化的又是以降水和蒸散发为代表的气候因素和以水利工程、各行业（农业）用水为标志的人类活动;3）影响荆南三口断流天数持续增加的主要驱动因素是人类活动,以各自时段前一时段为基准期,1959—1966、1967—1972、1973—1980、1981—2002、2003—2014年的5个变异期中,气候波动对荆南三口断流天数增加的贡献率依次为24.93%、19.05%、6.36%、10.38%、7.56%;人类活动影响的贡献率分别为75.07%、80.95%、93.64%、89.62%、92.44%。     

Multilevel air quality evolution in Shenyang: Impact of elevated point emission reduction

Visibility observed at different altitudes is favorable to understand the causes of air pollution. We conducted 4-years of observations of visibility at 2.8 and 60 m and particulate matter(PM) concentrations from 2015 to 2018 in Shenyang, a provincial city in Northeast China. The results indicated that visibility increased with the increasing height in winter(especially at night), and decreased with height in summer(especially at the daytime). PM concentration exhibited opposite vertical variati...     

Cities as leaders in EU multilevel climate governance: embedded upscaling of local experiments in Europe

ABSTRACT

The success of local climate governance in Europe depends not only on leading cities but also on the dynamics between leaders, followers, and laggards. Upscaling local experiments helps to close the gap between these actors. This process is driven by the increasing embeddedness of cities and their networks in EU multilevel governance. Embedded upscaling combines horizontal upscaling between leading cities with vertical upscaling between leaders and followers that is mediated by higher levels of government, and hierarchical upscaling that even reaches the laggards. Various types of upscaling, their combinations, and their impacts are analyzed. Networks have become denser and networking has intensified. City networks and their member cities have become embedded in national and EU governance, lost authority and depend more and more on regional, national, and European authorities.     

Considering climate change and regional differences: An efficiency assessment of coal mine use and land restoration

China is the country with the largest coal mining production and consumption in the world, but due to a large amount of coal burning, air pollution and climate change are exasperating related problems. The previous literature mainly has discussed coal mine production and environmental pollution, but failed to take into account external factors such as climate change and seldom discussed the relationship between coal mine land use and land restoration. Therefore, this study uses the meta-Epsilon-Based Measure two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis under the exogenous model and incorporates coal mine land use and land restoration use into the model to explore the relationship between the two under climate change. The research results are as follows. (1) If the external climate factors are not considered, then the phenomenon of overestimation or underestimation of the technology gap arises. (2) The efficiency value of the coal mining stage in most provinces is generally higher than the land restoration efficiency value.     

安徽省城镇化效率与生态环境质量耦合协调时空演化

研究城镇化效率与生态环境质量耦合协调关系,有助于探寻两者之间本质联系,可为区域协调发展提供科学依据。本研究通过构建综合评价体系,测度安徽省各地级市的城镇化效率和生态环境质量水平,并借助耦合协调度和空间自相关模型,分析安徽省城镇化效率和生态环境质量耦合协调水平以及空间格局特征。结果表明:① 2005-2020年安徽省城镇化效率均值由 0.937上升至 1.055,有效决策单元数量占比77.3 %,空间上呈现以合肥、铜陵为中心向西北-东南方向辐射的特征;②安徽省生态环境质量指数总体呈波动上升的发展趋势,指数均值从0.217上升至0.413,且具有“南高北低”的空间分布格局;③安徽省城镇化效率与生态环境质量的耦合度和耦合协调度均呈现上升趋势,耦合度处于耦合阶段,协调度以中度协调类型为主,但城市间差异明显,制约了区域整体的协调发展;④耦合协调度在空间上表现出较强的正相关性,高-高和低-高集聚区集中在安徽省南部地区,低-低集聚区则分布在北部地区。为促进区域城镇化效率与生态环境质量两系统协调发展,政府未来应因地制宜制定发展策略,贯彻绿色发展理念,积极推动产业转型,通过优化资源配置促进区域良性发展。     

Identifying robust strategies for assisted migration in a competitive stochastic metacommunity

Assisted migration (AM) is the translocation of species beyond their historical range to locations that are expected to be more suitable under future climate change. However, a relocated population may fail to establish in its donor community if there is high uncertainty in decision-making, climate, and interactions with the recipient ecological community. To quantify the benefit to persistence and risk of establishment failure of AM under different management scenarios (e.g., choosing target species, proportion of population to relocate, and optimal location to relocate), we built a stochastic metacommunity model to simulate several species reproducing, dispersing, and competing on a temperature gradient as temperature increases over time. Without AM, the species were vulnerable to climate change when they had low population sizes, short dispersal, and strong poleward competition. When relocating species that exemplified these traits, AM increased the long-term persistence of the species most when relocating a fraction of the donor population, even if the remaining population was very small or rapidly declining. This suggests that leaving behind a fraction of the population could be a robust approach, allowing managers to repeat AM in case they move the species to the wrong place and at the wrong time, especially when it is difficult to identify a species’ optimal climate. We found that AM most benefitted species with low dispersal ability and least benefited species with narrow thermal tolerances, for which AM increased extinction risk on average. Although relocation did not affect the persistence of nontarget species in our simple competitive model, researchers will need to consider a more complete set of community interactions to comprehensively understand invasion potential.     

呼伦湖水面动态变化遥感监测及气候因素驱动分析

利用长时间序列的MODIS数据,采用水体指数动态分析的方法,对2000~2013年呼伦湖的水体面积进行了动态变化分析,并结合区域气候数据进行了驱动力分析.结果表明:2000~2012年期间,呼伦湖流域水体面积从2286km²减少至1773km²,减少22.4%,主要减少部分分布在湖体东北部和南部;2013年水体面积尤其是南部水域水体面积略有所恢复.呼伦湖主体湖区面积的变化与年均温呈现不显著的负相关关系.