Soils Characteristics of The Bassendean and Spearwood Sands of the Gnangara Mound (Western Australia) and their Controls On Recharge, Water Level Patterns and Solutes of The Superficial Aquifer

The flow pathways of water in the soils of the Gnangara Mound are highly irregular and depend upon the moisture content, the repellency and preferential wettability potential of the soils. The occurrence of preferential flow is more evident in dry soils. As the soil wets during the rainy season, the water repellence and differential wettability decreases, the fingering and the preferential flow paths disappear. Most of the agricultural sites in the Spearwood Sands which showed more irregular flow than the Bassendean Sands are under continuous irrigation during cultivation season. As the repellency problems are chemically treated, it is therefore expected that the flow will be more uniform all the year round. Landuse is mainly responsible for variation in recharge rates; however, the hydraulic properties control aquifer response and water level pattern to a greater degree. Water levels in the mid 1970s were in a semi steady state. Since that time, a combination of increasing water use by pine plantations, heavy pumping from private boreholes in market gardens and private homes and intensive pumping from the Gnangara Mound for the metropolitan water supply have caused water levels to continually decline in the Superficial aquifer. Nitrate and phosphate concentrations in the regional Superficial aquifer are generally very low. None of the tested pesticides (atrazine, diazinon, dimethoate, endosulfan, fenamiphos, iprodione, malathion and chlorpyrifos) were detected in the groundwater samples collected from the monitoring bores.     

新疆建筑材料用原料及其建材产品的辐射水平

报道了分布在新疆雏吾尔自治区15个地州市100多个厂矿的建筑材料用原料及其建材产品的放射性检测结果。多数建材用原料及产品的放射性水平低于国家规定的限制(控制)标准，对公众是安全的；少数地区部分建材的放射性高于限制标准，不能用作建材。必须健全对建材的放射性检测和管理制度。     

基于卫星测高数据的2002～2018年太湖水位变化监测

针对传统水位监测方法的弊端以及太湖水位变化监测的现实需求,基于Envisat和Cryosat-2测高数据,采用Morlet小波分析、Mann-Kendall检验法研究2002年6月～2018年12月近20a的水位以及周期变化,并应用实测数据进行精度验证,从气象因素和人为影响两方面分析其不同时间尺度的变化趋势以及原因.结...     

A new approach of drawing airport noise contours on computer based on Surfer

Noise contours are used to describe the extent of airport noise pollution and to plan land use around airports. The LWECP, (weighted equivalent continuous perceive noise level) recommended by ICAO( International Civil Aviation Organization) is adopted as airport noise rating parameter in this paper. With the help of various mathematical models in the software Surfer, noise contours can be drawn automatically by the completed program in Visual C Code. Corrections for thrust, velocity, atmospheric temperature, humidity and lateral ground attenuation are also considered in the new method, which can improve the efficiency of drawing contours. An example of its use for drawing noise contours of an airport in Zhejiang Province of China is proposed and the predictions and the measurements show agreements well.     

A numerical study of soil cover performance

In the investigation of soil cover design options for final decommissioning of reactive mine waste, it is often necessary to analyze or predict the anticipated cover performance as a function of the cost of implementation, which is governed by the type, number and thickness of the layers in the cover system. An example of such investigation is presented in this study where one-dimensional evaporation from hypothetical moisture-retaining cover systems is simulated to assess the influence of several cover properties and hydrogeologic parameters on performance. The commercially available transient flow model, SoilCover, was used to compute suction and water content profiles for different cover design scenarios. The predicted water content profile and porosity of layers were then used to estimate the oxygen diffusion coefficients of the various layers. The oxygen diffusion coefficients were used to estimate oxygen flux through the cover systems. The oxygen flux was, in turn, related to the maximum acid flux. The studied cover and hydrogeologic parameters included soil type, thickness of barriers, and water table elevation. Two types of infiltration and oxygen barrier and two types of capillary layer with different thicknesses were studied. The water table was either kept constant at the base of the waste (tailings) or dropped by 0.5, 1, 2, and 3m over 120 days. The results showed that the relationship between water table depression and the thickness of capillary layers, on one hand, and desaturation of the infiltration and oxygen barrier, on the other, is not linear. Relationships between oxygen flux and barrier thickness and between cost increase and performance improvement of the studied cover systems are presented. Finally, a method that outlines steps for site-specific and economically feasible design of multi-layer cover systems is introduced.     

中国西南地区近千年湖泊水位变化

重建湖泊水位历史、掌握其演变规律和机制,对水资源管理、生态环境保护、旱涝灾害防治以及认识区域水文气候变化机制皆有重要意义.中国西南地区拥有大量湖泊,其水位变化及驱动机制广受关注.本文通过汇总历史文献记录并将其与邻近地区的其他湖泊水位重建进行比较,总结了过去一千年中国西南地区湖泊水位的变化.结果显示中国西南地区近千年的湖...     

柳州地区建筑材料放射性水平及其致居民剂量

本文采用全国统一方法,检测了广西柳州地区常用建材中~(226)Ra、~(232)Th、~(40)K的比活度.以煤灰砖最高,石灰石最低。比活度依次为煤灰砖>粘土砖≈土壤>水泥>灰砂砖>混凝土制品>石灰石.经估算,煤灰砖致居民的有效剂量当量较大,为3.98mSv·a~(-1);其它各种建材致居民的有效剂量当量在0.23—1.01mSv·a~(-1)之间,低于、等于或略高于本底.     

基于资源环境承载力的武汉市三大万亿集群产业发展策略研究

资源环境是城市的基础性资源,对经济社会发展具有支撑与约束作用,为加快实施武汉市光电子信息、汽车及零部件和大健康3个万亿级产业集群建设,推动制造业高质量发展,结合武汉市工业发展和资源环境利用现状,计算和评估三大万亿产业经济发展指标、资源消耗指标和污染排放指标,提出三大万亿产业集群发展策略建议.     

基于人因可靠性的间歇装置SIL分析与改进

IEC 61508和IEC 61511等标准针对连续工艺装置提出了安全仪表系统安全完整性等级评估方法。但对于间歇装置的SIL评估,受人因因素影响水平并未明确,且没有提出相应计算模型。以某六氟磷酸锂间歇生产装置典型SIS为例,采用HAZOP结合LOPA方法对其进行风险分析,在明确间歇生产装置存在人员中毒、窒息及燃烧爆炸风险的基础上,确定并验证其安全仪表系统的SIL,再依据间歇生产装置人工依赖性高,即部分安全仪表系统未接入自动联锁且需人工手动触发的特点,建立人因可靠性模型,来分析人因可靠性对安全仪表系统SIL的影响,并进行改进研究。研究结果表明:人因因素对安全仪表系统SIL有显著影响;可通过改变SIS元件冗余结构、测试策略并结合改进人因管理措施来提高SIL。     

淮河干流生态流量问题分析及保障措施

生态流量对维系河流生态功能具有重要意义。本文通过计算淮河干流重要控制断面生态流量满足状况的基础上,分析淮河干流生态流量存在的问题,从建立生态流量监测系统、完善生态流量泄放设施、制定生态流量调度方案、严格河道外用水管控、加强机制建设等方面提出淮河干流生态流量保障措施,为淮河流域制定生态流量保障对策提供建议。