山区高校校园噪声环境监测及其评价研究

近年来,随着普通高等学校的扩招,学校噪声污染有加剧的趋势,校园噪声问题成为学者关注的热点之一.以商洛学院校本部为例,采用功能区实地布点监测法,收集了商洛学院11个监测点2015年3-4月11天的监测数据,利用等效连续A声级和噪声污染指数法进行噪声污染分析.结果表明:校园整体噪声污染严重,超标率达88.6%,噪声污染空间上集中于教学区的一号教学楼,时间上周内工作日较严重.噪声污染的主要原因是校内外的交通噪声和建筑施工.     

A Review of Water Quality Responses to Air Temperature and Precipitation Changes 1: Flow,Water Temperature,Saltwater Intrusion

Anticipated future increases in air temperature and regionally variable changes in precipitation will have direct and cascading effects on United States (U.S.) water quality. In this paper, and a companion paper by Coffey et al., we review technical literature addressing the responses of different water quality attributes to historical and potential future changes in air temperature and precipitation. The goal is to document how different attributes of water quality are sensitive to these drivers, to characterize future risk to inform management responses, and to identify research needs to fill gaps in our understanding. Here we focus on potential changes in streamflow, water temperature, and salt water intrusion (SWI). Projected changes in the volume and timing of streamflow vary regionally, with general increases in northern and eastern regions of the U.S., and decreases in the southern Plains, interior Southwest, and parts of the Southeast. Water temperatures have increased throughout the U.S. and are expected to continue to increase in the future, with the greatest changes in locations where high summer air temperatures occur together with low streamflow volumes. In coastal areas, especially the mid‐Atlantic and Gulf coasts, SWI to rivers and aquifers could be exacerbated by sea level rise, storm surges, and altered freshwater runoff. Management responses for reducing risks to water quality should consider strategies and practices robust to a range of potential future conditions.     

太湖流域经济增长与环境污染水平的关系研究

环境库兹涅茨曲线（KEC）是描述污染问题与经济发展之间关系的常用模型,一般情况下呈倒“U”形。通过对太湖流域1991-2005年的人均GDP与工业三废排放量之间的关系分析,研究发现,太湖流域的环境库兹涅茨曲线特征为增长的凹曲线,不同于传统的环境库兹涅茨曲线,同时分析了产生这一现象的原因,并从调整经济结构、转变增长方式、发展循环经济方面给出政策建议。     

Implications of sea level rise for coastal dune habitat conservation in Wales,UK

The potential impact of future sea level rise and climate change on 15 Welsh coastal dune systems has been investigated. Historical Trend Analysis was undertaken using Ordnance Survey maps to quantify past shoreline change and to permit extrapolation of past trends to predict possible future shoreline positions by 2080–2100. Predictions were also made using the Bruun Rule relationship between sea level rise and shoreline response and an integrated method of assessment, Expert Geomorphological Assessment (EGA), which provides a ‘best estimate’ of future coastline change, taking into account such factors as geological constraints, the nature of past, present and future environmental forcing factors, and known coastal process–response relationships. The majority of the 15 systems investigated experienced a net increase in dune area over the last 100–120 years. Only one (Whiteford Burrows) experienced significant net area loss (>5 ha). EGA predictions suggest that several systems are likely to experience significant net loss of dune habitat over the next century, whilst continued net gain is likely to occur for systems where sediment supply rates remain high. Little net change is predicted in some systems. Considering the 15 dune systems together, it is considered unlikely that net dune habitat loss will exceed net gain over the next 100 years provided that there are no major disruptions to sediment supply and natural coastal processes.     

Finding upper-level sets in cellular surface data using echelons and saTScan

Across a spectrum of contemporary contexts from public health to landscape ecology and natural resources, there is need for objective determination of elevated occurrence in phenomena such as disease incidence and biodiversity. Occurrences of such phenomena constitute response surfaces, but data regarding the surface is typically acquired in a cellular framework. The cells may comprise a regular grid, or may be of irregular shapes such as counties in which statistics are collected. Echelons are a topologically based approach to systematic determination of spatial structure in a step surface. Spatial scan statistics are a probability-based approach to the same issue when interest lies in a rate variable. Here we examine the use of echelons both separately and in conjunction with the SaTScan implementation of spatial scan statistics for purposes of determination and visualization of upper-level sets. Consideration is given to both conventional geographic space and to the cellular pseudo-space of contingency tables for ordered categorical variables. Received: August 2002 / Revised: July 2005     

Baseline Study on Essential and Trace Elements in Polished Rice from South Korea

In 2000, 63 (polished) white rice samples were collected in eight administrative areas all over South Korea and analyzed for 16 elements by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Potassium had the highest content, next to Mg, Ca, Si, Zn, Na, Al and Fe. Most of the samples contained worldwide average concentrations of essential and trace elements in rice grains reported by various researches. For inter-area differences in those elements in the rice, the statistical analysis showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) among the eight administrative areas, suggesting that inter-area differences were not substantial in most cases. Thus, the present data can be used as national background levels of elements in rice produced in South Korea. Using the published data on daily consumption of rice in South Korea, it was possible to estimate the daily intake of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn via rice. The results showed that a regular consumption of rice produced in Korea plays an important role in accumulation of essential and trace elements in Korean, especially for farm-households consuming relatively large amounts of rice.     

AM真菌和施钾量对烟草植株钾素累积和分布的交互效应

采用盆栽试验，研究了不同施K水平下接种AM真菌摩西球囊霉（Glomus mosseae）对烤烟烟叶生长和植株中K素累积和分布的影响。结果表明，不同施K水平对AM真菌的接种效果有显著的影响，以每公斤土施K2O0.75-1.125g时接种效果最好。接种AM真菌提高了烟草根系菌根侵染率，增加了烟叶总干重，其中对中位烟叶效果明显，上位和下位烟叶因施K量而异，接种AM真菌显著增加了K在叶中的分配比例，减少了K在茎中的分配比例，提高了烟叶中K素的累积量，增加了成熟期烟叶K的含量。表5参8。     

栽培水分对采摘后油菜硝酸盐与亚硝酸盐含量的影响

采用盆栽方法栽培油菜(Brassicaca mpestrisL.),研究了灌水水平对采摘后油菜植株体硝酸盐与亚硝酸盐含量随时间变化的影响。共设高(灌水控制上限为田间持水量)、中(灌水控制上限为田间持水量的75%)和低(灌水控制上限为田间持水量的50%)3个灌水水平。油菜采摘后恒温贮存,定期测定油菜植株体内硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量。研究结果表明:不同灌水水平和贮存时间以及两者的交互作用都能显著地影响油菜植株体硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量;在采摘后的8d时间里,低灌水水平处理(0.50θf处理)的油菜植株体硝酸盐含量一直高于其它两处理;采摘后当天测定高灌水水平处理(1.00θf处理)的油菜植株体硝酸盐含量最低,以后则以中等灌水水平处理(0.75θf处理)的油菜植株体硝酸盐含量为最低。采摘后当天测定油菜植株体亚硝酸盐含量,亦以高灌水水平处理(1.00θf处理)为最低。采摘后油菜植株体硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量都经历一个先降低、后升高、再降低的变化过程。因此,从对人体健康及卫生的角度出发,以较高灌水水平栽培油菜,采摘后在一两天内食用,有利于将其硝酸盐和亚硝酸含量控制在较低水平。     

新疆建筑材料用工业废渣及其建材产品的辐射水平

报道了分布在新疆１３个地州市８０多个厂家的建材用工业废渣及其建材产品的放射性检测结果。多数废渣及其产品的放射性水平低于国家规定的限制（控制）标准，可以用作建筑材料，少数地区的部分工业废渣明显高于限制标准，不能用作建筑材料．必须健全放射性检测和管理制度．     

Modeling of oak pollen dispersal on the landscape level with a mesoscale atmospheric model

We present the extension and application of the mesoscale atmospheric meteorology model METRAS for dispersion of oak pollen. We incorporated functions for pollen emission, pollen viability and pollen deposition into METRAS and simulated pollen dispersal on a scale of up to 200 km. The basis of the simulations is a real landscape structure that includes topography, land use, and the location and size of oak stands. We simulated the oak pollen dispersion of one single oak stand with an estimated annual pollen production of 1 billion pollen grains/m² forest surface on two exemplary days of the flowering season in 2000. Depending on the meteorological situation of the simulated days, a pollen cloud with about 10 pollen/m³ may extend up to 30 km from the source. Downstream of the oak stand, approximately 1,000 pollen/m² deposited up to a distance of 25 km, and lower amounts of pollen deposited up to 100 km away. These values of pollen concentration and deposition lay within the range of published field studies. Overall, it is shown that mesoscale atmospheric models are applicable to simulate pollen dispersal on the landscape level.