不同生物量苦草在生命周期的不同阶段对水体水质的影响

在玻璃温室大棚内,模拟太湖的水、土、植物情况,研究了不同生物量苦草在1年内生命周期中不同阶段对水体水质的影响.研究结果表明,不同生物量的苦草在对水体水质的影响有较大的差异,此差异受苦草生长状况的影响显著.通过单因素方差分析得出从整个生命周期看,苦草生物量为992.00g时,对水体pH值影响最大,不利于苦草吸收NH4+-N和ρ(TOC)的降低;为496.00g时,水体ρ(DO)的周年平均值处于较高水平,约8.65mg/L;为228.00g时,有利于ρ(TP)的降低,不利于其吸收NO3--N和ρ(TN)的降低.其中,生长期,苦草对水体营养盐的去除率随生物量的增加不断增大,当生物量达到2380.00g时,去除率放缓;衰亡期,苦草生物量为168.00g时,水体TN去除率取得极大值,为784.00g时,水体TP去除率取得极小值.最终确定214.00g的苦草残余生物量为最佳滞留量,此时苦草密度为118.00g/m2.     

基于延拓盲数的洞庭湖湖泊综合营养状态评价模型

基于湖泊水环境系统多种不确定性共存或交叉存在的特性,将延拓盲数理论应用于湖泊富营养化评价领域,用延拓盲数表示各参数浓度,与综合营养状态指数模型相耦合,建立基于延拓盲数的综合营养状态指数评价模型.采用该模型评价了洞庭湖的富营养化状况,结果表明,西洞庭湖、南洞庭湖和洞庭湖出口的富营养化程度较低,处于中营养级别,东洞庭湖的富营养化程度较高,处于中营养-轻富营养级别,并且有恶化到中富营养级别的趋势.相对于常规的确定性方法,综合评价模型得出了评价区域综合营养状态指数的可能值区间及其相应的可信度水平,较好地弥补了确定性评价方法的不足,更科学、全面地表征了评价区域的富营养状态与空间分布差异.     

Global gains at local costs: Imposing protected areas: evidence from central India

With the ever-increasing understanding about the Earth as a living network of interdependent ecosystems, there seems to be a growing consensus that the whole planet is a global common. This feeling, however, is not bereft of severe complications arising from conflicting interests of different nations placed at varying levels of development. While developed countries are more concerned about environmental quality which is a global public good, less developed countries can hardly afford to make land use decisions that keep such wider futuristic concerns in mind while they are presently struggling with very basic problems of poverty and starvation. The actors at the global level prescribe, monitor, and enforce the global level collective choice through persuasive, and at times coercive, methods. At the national level, various legal provisions in the form of legislation reflect the collective choice at that level through creation of protected areas devoid of humans. A simple fact is overlooked, that it is impossible to achieve conservation goals without making local people equal participants in decisionmaking and benefit sharing.     

县域土地生态安全评价——以四川省丹棱县为例

建立基于自然-经济-社会子系统的县域土地生态安全综合评价体系,评价2001-2010年四川省丹棱县的土地生态安全状况,并分析土地生态系统协调度的动态变化,探讨丹棱县在眉山市所处的土地生态安全水平.结果表明,2001-2010年丹棱县土地生态安全状况总体呈好转趋势,但至2010年仍处于敏感级和预警状态,综合生态安全值由0.630 6增长至0.697 2,其中土地经济生态安全值由0.236 6增加至0.327 9,但自然和社会生态安全值分别由0.262 3和0.131 7下降至0.253 9和0.115 3.2001-2010年土地生态系统协调度由0.670 9下降至0.535 6,从2007年起系统处于不协调状态.从2008年起丹棱县土地生态安全水平高于眉山市平均水平.     

企业文化与企业安全文化建设水平互动效应研究

为提高企业安全文化建设水平,基于人类协同国际环形和企业安全文化建设水平评价指标设计调查问卷,以赛轮金宇股份有限公司为研究对象,对其企业文化和企业安全文化建设水平进行相关性分析和多元逐步回归分析,探索二者的互动效应,从企业文化角度发掘安全文化建设重点。结果表明,自我实现文化、亲和文化、传统文化、成就文化与企业安全文化建设水平高度正相关,逃避文化则呈现高度负相关,其相关系数（绝对值）均在0.9以上;同时,多元逐步回归分析中,以上5个文化规则均进入回归方程,其标准化回归系数β分别为:0.395、0.182、0.169、0.129、-0.145。因此,这5种文化规则对企业安全文化建设水平具有很高的预测力,是企业安全文化建设的重点所在。     

校园室内环境空气中环状挥发性甲基硅氧烷浓度水平及其健康风险评价

利用低流量大气采样器采集了大连某高校家庭、男寝、女寝、办公室、实验室中空气样品,分析了样品中4种环状挥发性甲基硅氧烷(cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes,cVMSs):六甲基环三硅氧烷(D3)、八甲基环四硅氧烷(D4)、十甲基环五硅氧烷(D5)、十二甲基环六硅氧烷(D6)的浓度水平、组分特征及其来源,并采用美国国家环境保护局(US-EPA)健康风险评价模型对D5人体健康风险进行了评价。结果表明监测期间室内环境空气中D3、D4、D5与D6检出率均为100%,室内环境总硅氧烷(ΣcVMSs)平均浓度为(12.4±20.7)μg·m~(-3),范围为0.29~78.4μg·m~(-3)。办公室与实验室浓度水平最高的为D3,而女寝与家庭为D5,男寝为D6。由于女寝中个人护理品的频繁使用,女寝空气中Σc VMSs浓度水平分别为男寝、家庭、办公室、实验室的46、80、27、55倍。D5对人体的非致癌危险商值范围为2.14E-04~4.31E-02,对暴露人群尚不存在明显的非致癌风险。     

阶段流入式多级A/O生物脱氮工艺设计及应用

阐述了阶段流入式多级A/O生物脱氮工艺的原理和特点。结合国内外的设计、运行经验,对脱氮率、反应器级数、配水比、各级容积比、污泥回流比等工艺参数的设计计算进行探讨。在此基础上,对该工艺在我国首个应用案例(设计水量2万m3/d,出水达到GB18918-2002一级A标准)的工艺设计进行简要介绍,为该工艺的推广应用提供了依据。     

基于广义极值分布的流化床压力波动风险预警

为预警气泡运动所引起的流化床粉煤气化压力波动风险,提出预测压力波动极值以及压力波动重现水平的方法;首先采用自相关分析法将压力波动母样本数据合理分段,再用区间极值法统计子样本的压力波动极值数据,以广义极值(GEV)分布方法建立GEV分布模型和Gumbel分布模型,并经过模型诊断选择最优模型;然后通过子样本与母样本的参数关...     

The privatization effect of MSW incineration services by using data envelopment analysis

This paper attempts to compare the relative efficiency across MSW incineration facilities under the three operating modes including government-owned government-operated (GOO), government-owned private-operated (GOPO), and private-owned private-operated (POPO) by using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), and to examine the factor in affecting the efficiency variation. The results show that technical efficiency scores are 0.7538, 0.9046 and 0.9917 for GOO, GOPO and POPO, respectively. An ANOVA is conducted and the analysis result confirms that the operating mode has significant impact on technical efficiencies. A further examination on the operating contracts signed between governments and operating firms of GOPO facilities finds that both the price protection and quantity protection also play vital roles in affecting efficiencies.     

Changes in quality of groundwater with seasonal fluctuations: an example from Ghor Sari area, southern Dead Sea coastal aquifers, Jordan

The demand for water resources in the area south of the Dead Sea due to continued development, especially at the Arab Potash Company (APC) for production and domestic purposes necessitates that water quality in the area be monitored and evaluated based on