生产性IC反应器厌氧颗粒污泥的生物学特征

IC反应器以絮状污泥接种用于处理酒糟废水,运行至第180d时分别测定反应器第1、第2反应室颗粒污泥的VSS、产甲烷活性、胞外多聚物和辅酶F420等各项生物学指标。结果表明反应器内颗粒污泥具有较强活性,反应器COD去除率基本稳定在95%以上,出水COD不超过1000mg/L。     

广东某大型城市生活垃圾焚烧厂9种重金属的迁移特征

采集广东某大型城市生活垃圾焚烧厂一期(WI-A)和二期(WI-B)的进厂垃圾、渗滤液、飞灰、底渣和烟气样品,分析了各样品中砷、镉、钴、铬、铜、汞、镍、铅、锌共9种重金属含量,研究重金属的迁移特征。结果显示,9种重金属呈现4类不同的迁移特征,钴、铜、镍、铬主要迁移至底渣中,锌、砷、铅主要迁移至底渣和飞灰中,镉主要迁移至飞灰中,汞主要迁移至飞灰和烟气中。活性炭吸附和布袋除尘器的组合对除汞以外的重金属治理效果明显。WI-A和WI-B垃圾中的汞分别约有28%、37%随烟气排到环境中。     

Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during heating season in Beijing

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) and their nitrated derivatives(NPAHs) attract continuous attention due to their outstanding carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. In order to investigate the diurnal variations, sources, formation mechanism, and health risk assessment of them in heating season, particulate matter(PM) were collected in Beijing urban area from December 26, 2017 to January 17, 2018. PAHs and NPAHs in PM were quantitatively analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). ...     

2001～2003年间北京大气降水的化学特征

为了了解北京大气降水的化学组成与时间变化特征,连续进行了2年的降雨采样与分析.在65个降雨样品中,12%的降水呈酸性;全年降水的酸度主要取决于夏季的降水.SO₄^2-、NH₄⁺与Ca²⁺是含量最丰富的组分,其平均浓度均接近或超过200礶q/L.比较分析表明,在近几年,SO₄^2-对降水酸度的贡献显著降低,降水的硫污染特征减弱,而No₃^-的贡献显著增加.人为污染元素和地壳元素的浓度均在冬春季较高,在夏季最低.     

外掺料对植被混凝土高羊茅根系生长及抗剪强度的作用

为揭示外掺料对植被混凝土根系生长和固土护坡的作用,以高羊茅（Festuca arundinacea）为研究材料,分别添加不同含量的椰纤维与粉煤灰构建植被混凝土,测定高羊茅地下部根系的生长特征及根土复合体的抗剪强度。结果表明,椰纤维掺量和粉煤灰掺量对高羊茅根系生长有显著影响。根系总根长、根系表面积、根平均直径及地下生物量均随椰纤维与粉煤灰掺量的增加呈先增后减的变化趋势,在椰纤维掺量为0.3%、粉煤灰掺量为2%时达到最大值,分别比未添加椰纤维的处理增加了31.39%、30.20%、30.57%、12.80%,分别比未添加粉煤灰的处理增加了42.17%、22.85%、16.48%、29.22%。椰纤维掺量和粉煤灰掺量对植被混凝土基材的抗剪强度也有显著影响,基材的抗剪强度均随着外掺量增加呈先增加后减少的变化,在椰纤维和粉煤灰掺量分别为0.3%和2%时达到最大值。综合评估显示,高羊茅根系在外掺椰纤维0.3%和粉煤灰2%的改良植被混凝土生长最好,植被混凝土的抗剪强度最高。

     

Spatiotemporal optical properties of dissolved organic matter in a sluice-controlled coastal plain river with both salinity and trophic gradients

Due to the combined effect of sluices and sea tide, the sluice-controlled coastal plain river would be characterized by both trophic state and salinity gradients, affecting the spatiotemporal optical properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM). In this study, we investigated the spatiotemporal variation of water quality parameters and optical properties of DOM in the Haihe River, a representative sluice-controlled coastal plain river in Tianjin, China. A significant salinity gradient and four trophic states were observed in the water body of the Haihe River. Two humic- and one protein-like substances were identified from the DOM by the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra combined with the parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis. Pearson's correlation analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the salinity significantly affected the abundance of chromophoric DOM (CDOM) but did not cause significant changes in the fluorescence optical characteristics. In addition, the effect of Trophic state index (TSI) on the CDOM abundance was greater than that on the fluorescence intensity of fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM). In the water body with both salinity and trophic state gradients, TSI posed a greater influence than salinity on the CDOM abundance. Our results fill the research gap in spatiotemporal DOM characteristics and water quality variation in water bodies with both salinity and trophic state gradients. These results are beneficial for clarifying the joint influence of saline intrusion and sluices on the DOM characteristics and water quality in sluice-controlled coastal plain rivers.     

渗滤液生化特性在Fenton处理过程中的变化

采用电解呼吸仪分析早、晚期渗滤的生化特性在Fenton过程前后的变化。根据BOD累积曲线 ,由非线性最小二乘法求解出第一阶段生化需氧量BODu 和一级生化动力学常数K。结果表明早期渗滤液易于生化降解 ,经Fenton氧化后 ,由于产生了毒性更强的中间产物 ,渗滤液的驯化时间反面延长 ,K值也略有下降。晚期渗滤液很难生化降解 ,经Fenton处理后其生化特性得到很大的改善。     

广东东部重要渔业水域叶绿素变化特征的研究

根据1997年8月至2003年5月对粤东近海重要渔业水域生态环境研究的资料,对叶绿素的含量、组成和季节变化进行了分析讨论。结果表明,广东东部近海的叶绿素平均含量6.45mg/m3,其中柘林湾水域的叶绿素含量最高(9.12mg/m3),大亚湾水域的含量最低(3.61mg/m3)。考洲洋、珠江口水域叶绿素含量有季节/年度差异;大亚湾、红海湾水域叶绿素含量的季节差异较小。叶绿素a是叶绿素的主要组分,占60%～80%,叶绿素b、c分别占7%～24%和6%～19%。研究水域的叶绿素含量和季节变化与营养盐、水体的温盐等理化因子的变化有关,而叶绿素组成的变化与浮游植物的生长状况、群落结构以及环境条件的变化有关。     

单一重金属污染对水稻叶片光合特性的影响

以杂交稻协优818为材料，研究了Cu^2＋、Hg^2＋、Cd^2＋ 3种重金属离子对水稻叶片光合特性的影响。试验结果表明：（1）Cu^2＋在低浓度时BI起叶片叶绿素含量降低。而Hg^2＋、Cd^2＋在低浓度时。则导致叶绿素含量增加：高浓度时，3种重金属均BI起叶绿素含量降低。同时，低浓度时3种重金属离子均导致叶绿素a／b值升高：高浓度时则均引起叶绿素a／b值下降。（2）Cu^2＋、Hg^2＋、Cd^2＋对水稻叶片叶绿素的吸收光谱均无明显影响，在活体条件下并未发生卟啉环中Mg^2＋的置换。（3）Cu^2＋、Hg^2＋、Cd^2＋均引起叶片希尔反应活力降低，即重金属污染明显影响光合作用。