一带一路背景下西部生态与绿色发展的改革与创新研究

西部地区资源开发、环境导向、经济发展等因素的制约下,西部地区的生态发展以及改革方案受到了严重的冲击,文中提出一带一路背景下西部生态与绿色发展的改革与创新方案.通过一带一路指示精神融合西部地区的特有生态水平,进行了综合分析,并根据实际的发展要求进行深入指导.对一带一路背景下西部生态与绿色发展的改革进行了详细的解读,把西部生态环境与绿色生态发展之间的矛盾进行分析,通过一带一路的思想和方针解决了现有改革中的矛盾.结合一带一路的实质路线对西部生态与绿色发展的创新进行了深入的探讨,基于"一带一路"战略带来各种促进的政策,确定了西部地区生态与绿色发展创新方向.     

永定河生态补水下渗对地下水质量的影响

以永定河北京段2019～2020年的生态补水为例,通过室内混合实验和淋滤实验研究河水下渗对地下水质量的影响.结果表明,水化学指标的种类与下渗前相比无变化,水-岩相互作用对指标浓度的改变作用也比较有限,指标的浓度水平总体上介于河水和地下水之间.下渗水对地下水质量的改变作用从根本上取决于河水与地下水的质量差异和河水的补给量...     

Post-Fordist transformation,the sustainability concept and social relations with nature: a case study of the Hamburg region

Following the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, the concept of sustainability in general and of urban sustainability in particular has become increasingly significant in the course of the 1990s. Even if the environmental problems of cities are far from being solved, one can interpret this development as a change in the relationship between society and nature on both a discursive and a material level. At the same time the transition from Fordism to post-Fordism has given rise to new forms of urban entrepreneurialism, with an absolute priority to economic competitiveness on the one hand and sharpened social conflicts on the other. Looking at the case of the Hamburg region, the article discusses the interaction of these processes. Contrary to the understanding of sustainability as a broadly accepted policy goal it conceptualizes sustainability as a terrain of conflict. As such, we will argue, the sustainability concept and the underlying change in social relations with nature contribute to containing the contradictions of capitalist societalization, which in the transition to post-Fordism have become more visible again. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

合理规划城区绿地构建景观安全格局 --以吴家山城区绿地规划为例

运用城市生态规划的原理及方法,对吴家山城区绿地进行了规划。包括城市的组团式规划、控制性组分规划、非控制性组分规划、生态平衡构架规划四部分。通过规划,实现吴家山生态城市景观结构和功能的匹配及能流、物流的畅通,使绿地系统上升成为城市生态环境质量的调控系统来建设。     

鄂西南亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林不同群落类型土壤特征分析

研究不同群落类型的土壤特征是了解植被-环境关系的基础,也是对生态系统进行科学管理的重要依据。论文以鄂西南两个自然保护区内亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林5个不同类型群落的土壤为对象,在测定10个理化指标的基础上,对不同群落类型的土壤特征及其差异性与相关性进行分析。结果表明：土壤含水量、孔隙度、全磷是影响鄂西南亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林土壤特征变异的主导因子。研究区土壤除了全磷和有效磷不足以外,其余养分含量均处于较高水平,和亚热带其他类型森林相比养分十分丰富。不同群落类型下土壤理化性质及其相关性均存在差异,与群落的组成和结构存在紧密的联系。     

Landscape planning and ecology construction of wetland comprehensive protected area system in the Sanjiang Plain

Wetland is one of the richest biodiversity areas in the earth. The main purpose of establishing wetland protected area is to protect biodiversity, and the protection of ecosystem diversity and landscape diversity is the key to protect biodiversity. In order to protect regional ecosystem and landscape, it is a good way to establish wetland comprehensive protected area which connected wetland nature reserves by habitat corridors. The Sanjiang Plain as a study area, its landscape evaluation index system on wetland protected area was studied, and some problems on landscape planning and ecology construction were further approached in this paper. It showed that establishing wetland comprehensive protected area is very important to protect regional wetlands, to maintain ecological balance,and to improve the sustainable development of agriculture and industry in this region.     

中国雨日变化趋势的分形研究

利用1951-2002年中国752个台站的雨日资料,运用分形理论和R/S分析法,研究并预测了中国五大降水区年雨日的气候变化趋势.研究表明:中国五大降水区未来的年雨日变化趋势与过去50a的变化有着很好的自相似性.为了更深入研究雨日的未来的变化,设计了两项Hurst指数试验,用两项试验结果与年雨日年际变化趋势的对应关系来推断未来的变化趋势及其转折与突变.结果表明:中国五大降水区年雨日有着一致的减少趋势,但其变化呈现显著的地域分异特征.依照五大降水区的气候倾向率,西北区、西南区、青藏高原区、东部北方区、东部南方区未来平均每10a雨日减少分别为4.1d,11.4d,3.7d,6.8d和5.9d,其中西南区年雨日减少最多.期间,中国五大降水区虽有气候变化的转折,但不存在雨日气候变化的突变点.     

气候异常与中国小麦白粉病灾害流行关系的研究

分析了厄尔尼诺事件与我国冬小麦白粉病发病面积的相关关系。结果表明：在厄尔尼诺出现的起始年，冬小麦白粉病发病面积相对较小；在厄尔诺起始年至下一个厄尔诺起始年前的前一年，冬小麦白粉病发病面积趋势逐年增大，并在下一个厄尔尼诺起始年前一年达到最大值；在连续出现厄尔尼诺的年份，冬小麦白粉病发生面积逐年降低。厄尔尼诺事件通过引发主要麦区的诱水、温度异常来影响小麦白粉病的流行程度。造成厄尔尼诺年我国小麦白粉病发病面向相对较低的原因，与厄尔尼诺起始年前的冬半年寒潮活动加强造成冬小麦冻害严重，大大降低了小麦白粉菌的越冬基数及春季干旱不利于小麦白粉菌的侵染有关。     

天目湖沙河水库水生态安全状况长期变化及影响因素

为构建更为合理的个性化水库水生态安全评价指标体系,以我国东南低山丘陵地区水源地型水库天目湖沙河水库为例,基于2010~2020年逐月水生态监测数据,分析了水库水生态安全状况长期变化特征及影响因素,提出了以满足沙河水库水生态服务功能为目标的生态安全评价方法.结果表明,季节上,夏秋季SD相对较低,而总磷（TP）、浮游植物叶绿素a（Chl-a）、高锰酸盐指数和蓝藻生物量（BM_c）相对较高;空间上,不同区域的水体透明度（SD）存在显著差异（P<0.05）,多年均值呈现河流区 < 过渡区 < 湖泊区的现象,其他指标均呈现出河流区较过渡区和湖泊区高的现象;垂向上,5~9月随热分层出现,许多指标出现分层,其中异味物质2-甲基异莰醇（MIB）和Chl-a在水深4 m处出现最大值,硅藻生物量（BM_b）和BM_c最大值分别在水深2 m和0.5 m处出现.基于水生态指标的变化特征认识,应充分考虑水库水生态安全的时空差异性,将水生态安全风险较高的春夏季作为评价期,以Chl-a为核心指标,结合SD和MIB等指标,通过建立关键指标与其他指标的相关关系,构建了沙河水库水生态安全评价体系;评价结果表明,沙河水库10年来水生态安全状况整体优良,但年际波动较大,不同区域的得分差异大,对于存在热分层的区域应采取季节性分3层采样调查数据进行评估.本研究表明在湖库水生态安全管理中选取个性化方案监测评估的必要性;总磷偏高和藻类疯长引发的水体透明度下降和异味物质含量升高是影响亚热带地区水库生态服务功能的主要因素,年际间较大尺度的水文气象条件变化给水库水生态安全带来较大不确定性.     

Tree vegetation of the forest-tundra ecotone in the Western Sayan mountains and climatic trends

Parameters of reproduction of the Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica), including radial and apical tree increments, the age structure of stands, the amount of young growth, and its distribution along an altitudinal gradient, have been studied in the forest-tundra ecotone of the Western Sayan. The results show that, over the past 30 years, P. sibirica undergrowth has expanded to the mountain tundra belt, the apical and radial tree increments and stand density have increased, and the life form of many P. sibirica plants has changed from prostrate to erect (single-or multistemmed). These changes correlate with the dynamics of summer temperatures and monthly (in May and June) and annual precipitation. The rise of summer temperatures by 1°C promotes the expansion of P. sibirica undergrowth for approximately 150 m up the altitudinal gradient.