Modeling joint production of wildlife and timber

Production of marketed commodities and protection of natural systems often conflict. A focus on only one goal can result in large losses in other goals and may result in inefficient and unsustainable outcomes. In this paper, we develop a method that combines economic and ecological models in a dynamic and spatial analysis to evaluate land use decisions and find cost-effective alternatives for which it is not possible to do better on one objective without harming another objective. The method is demonstrated using timber production and species conservation on a forested landscape over a 100-year planning horizon. Current land use strategies are simulated and compared with cost-effective alternatives. The approach is compared to a static reserve approach, similar to previous studies, and found to produce substantially more efficient management strategies for the case study landscape.     

城市地表覆盖材料的热反应

本文对几种地表覆盖材料在具有“火炉”之称的山城重庆典型夏季气候条件下的热反应进行了实测研究，以期为生态城市设计提供有益的参考数据。     

北京沙尘暴成因及其防治途径

自元代以来，北京就有沙尘暴的记载，北京沙尘暴主要发生在腠季，目前尚没有迹象表明北京沙尘暴活动是趋于加强还是减弱，北京沙尘暴的沙尘来源，既有本地的，也有异地的。全球气候变化是少尘暴出现的外部原因；人口压力过大，人地关系不协调则是北京沙尘暴形成的内部原因，防治北京沙尘暴，从外中应积极寻求国际合作，减少温室气体排放，接受国际资金和技术援助；在内部，国家应出台一系列相关政策，北京市也应拿出具体行动计划。     

Chaotic dynamics in a multispecies community

Environmental and Ecological Statistics - It is shown that community dynamics is neither haphazard nor completely directed. This is quite clear from our examination of a concrete example where...     

国际互联网上的生态环境资源

Intemet已成为最大的信息载体和传输工具，由于Intemet上生态环境资源具有分布广、数量巨大、高动态的特点，熟悉网上信息的检索是有效开展科研的基本要求。文章介绍互联网上生态环境资源的检索方法，并对目前互联网上所存在的生态环境资源分布状况及其相关站点进行了介绍。     

海洋纤毛虫实验生态学研究Ⅲ:纤毛虫摄食胁迫对弧菌(Vibrio sp.)种群增长的影响

为揭示纤毛虫对弧菌 (Vibriosp.)种群增长的影响 ,利用实验生态学方法对弧菌在海水养殖水体中两种常见的纤毛虫原生动物 ,扇形游仆虫 (EuplotesvannusM櫣ｌｌｅｒ)和海洋尾丝虫 (UronemamarinumDujardin) ,摄食胁迫下的种群增长过程进行了探讨 .数据分析显示 ,弧菌的种群密度在纤毛虫的指数增长期高于对照组 ,但在纤毛虫种群生长平衡期则显著低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,在纤毛虫种群生长衰退期则呈回升的趋势 .结果同时还表明 ,海洋纤毛虫的摄食胁迫对弧菌的繁殖具有明显的激活效应 ,但对其种群生长起着显著的抑制作用 .此外 ,本工作也进一步证实了食菌性纤毛虫对改良水质和维持一个健康的养殖环境所具有的积极作用 .图 6参 15     

嗜酸微生物生态学与矿物生物浸出技术

综述了嗜酸微生物存在的环境、生态结构和微生物多样性,以及温度、氧对嗜酸微生物的影响.总结了嗜酸微生物群落间存在竞争、捕食、共生、合作等相互作用关系,这对理解矿物的生物浸出具有重要意义.目前对嗜酸微生物生态学的理解主要基于传统的纯菌培养分离技术,但是分子生物学技术的发展提供了更科学的研究手段,将纯菌培养分离技术和分子生物学技术相结合是研究嗜酸微生物生态的有效方法.认为理解嗜酸微生物生态学规律,将有利于开发新的微生物矿物加工技术,我国有必要加强浸矿微生物生态学的研究.表1参24     

Establishment of environmental specimen bank in Shanghai

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Industrial symbiosis: the case for market coordination

Despite the fact that all successful, documented cases of industrial symbiosis to this day have been self-organizing, some authors and development officials have suggested that increased public planning might deliver better results in this respect than spontaneously evolved market coordination. This paper takes an historical approach to suggest that comprehensive planning is unlikely to live up to the expectations of its proponents.The essay is structured as follows. The first section provides short case studies of industrial symbiosis in highly different economic and institutional settings, the essentially free-market regime of Victorian England and communist Hungary (1948–1989). The available evidence suggests that market coordination proved much more favorable to the emergence of industrial symbiosis, despite the elaboration of a comprehensive policy to that effect in Hungary. Insights derived from the so-called “Austrian” critique of central planning are then used to explain this paradox. The analysis presented suggests that the Hungarian planners’ failure was not so much the result of the bad implementation of sound policies, but the logical outcome of a top-down approach’s shortcomings. Policy implications for the public planning of industrial symbiosis in a mixed economy are then derived and the case for self-organization is found more compelling. The creation of more innovative institutions that will force firms to “internalize their externalities” while leaving them the necessary freedom to innovate is viewed as an urgently needed and promising path towards increased, sustainable reuse of industrial by-products.     

闽江口以南近海底栖生物群落生态研究

对闽江口以南近海底栖生物的种类组成、生物量及栖息密度的分布和多样性及其与底质环境的关系进行了叙述和讨论。结果表明:本次调查获得大型底栖生物标本经初步鉴定为114种,其中多毛类63种占首位,占总种数的55％。总生物量为14．42 g／m2,总栖息密度为161个／m2。在总生物量组成中,甲壳动物占优势为29．7％,在总密度组成中,多毛类占优势为37．9％。从多样性方面来分析,多样性好的群落,多样性指数高、丰度高、均匀度亦高。在泉州湾口、镇海角和浮头湾有文昌鱼分布,值得重视和保护;而在莆田的兴化湾、东山的诏安湾出现了大量的短吻螠,具有资源利用价值。