Effect of Climatic Changes on the Formation of Siberian Spruce Generations in Subglotsy Tree Stands of the Southern Urals

The correlation between climatic changes and the numbers of trees in the generations of Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.) in subgoltsy tree stands of the Southern Urals was analyzed over the past 200 years. The results showed that the most abundant generations appeared in 1809–1816, 1821–1827, 1839–1845, 1850–1867, 1875–1887, 1891–1896, 1900–1904, 1911–1918, 1923–1932, 1944–1952, 1958–1966, and 1975–1995. Their formation proved to be related to the improvement of thermal conditions of the warm season during the five to seven years before and after the emergence of trees and conditions of the cold season in the year of their emergence, as well as to the periods of increased snow depth in late April in the years 27–32 of tree growth.     

可持续城市发展的生态原则及其对策

文章论述了城市生态化及其发展对策 ,提出可持续城市发展的概念及其生态原则 ,以期推动我国城市生态化和可持续城市建设工作的开展     

Landscape ecology of the region surrounding Qinghai Lake, Qinghai Province of China based on remote sensing

--A region surrounding Qinghai Lake was chosen as thestudy area and nine ecological landscape types that were recognizedbased on Landsat TM image classification of land cover/use typesalong with the ancillary data, and their ecological features andthe measures dealing with the eco-environmental problems arepresented in this paper. The study has shown that using thisapproach the ecological landscape types in a region like the studyarea can be readily recognized and their ecological features can berather accurately derived. Moreover, the deterioration in near alllandscape ecological types in the area is quite serious. Therefore,effective and proper measures have to be taken in order to realizea sustainable development of the region.     

Cleaner production and industrial ecosystems, a Dutch experience

This article opens briefly with the recent discussions about the effectiveness of pollution prevention. As pollution prevention and cleaner production are important elements of industrial ecology, the different definitions and approaches of industrial ecology as a term also need clarity. The major part of this article reflects the first results of the cleaner production and industrial ecology concepts, applied in an industrial ecosystem project (INES) in the Rotterdam harbour area. In this industrial area with many refineries and (petro)chemical facilities, the possibilities for companies to reuse waste streams, by-products and energy from each other was researched. The project was initiated by an industrial association. Sixty-nine members of the industrial association joined the INES project and provided confidential information about their resources, products and waste streams to the research team. Based on this information, 15 projects were designed. The selected three projects for further feasibility studies showed the potency to reduce the use of energy, water and bio sludge significantly.     

Integrating the Metapopulation and Habitat Paradigms for Understanding Broad-Scale Declines of Species

Abstract:  Caughley (1994) argued that researchers working on threatened populations tended to follow the "small population paradigm" or the "declining population paradigm," and that greater integration of these paradigms was needed. Here I suggest that two related paradigms exist at the broader spatial scale, namely the metapopulation paradigm and habitat paradigm, and that these two paradigms also need to be integrated if we are to provide sound management advice. This integration is not trivial, and I outline five problems that need to be addressed: (1) habitat variables may not measure habitat quality, so site-specific data on vital rates are needed to resolve the effects of habitat quality and metapopulation dynamics; (2) measurements of vital rates may be confounded by movements; (3) vital rates may be density dependent; (4) vital rates may be affected by genotype; and (5) vital rates cannot be measured in unoccupied patches. I reviewed papers published in Conservation Biology from 1994 to 2003 and found 41 studies that analyzed data from 10 or more sites to understand the factors limiting species' distributions. Five of the analyses presented were purely within the metapopulation paradigm, 14 were purely within the habitat paradigm, 17 involved elements of both paradigms, and 7 were theoretically ambiguous (2 papers presented 2 distinct analyses and were counted twice). This suggests that many researchers appreciate the need to integrate the paradigms. Only one study, however, used data on vital rates to resolve the effects of habitat quality and metapopulation dynamics (problem 1), and this study did not address problems 2–5. I conclude that more intensive research incorporating site-specific data on vital rates and movement is needed to complement the numerous analyses of distributional data being produced.     

抚仙湖北岸万亩湿地建设对近岸水域水生态影响的初步研究

通过背景资料收集、水生态现场调查等方法,进行了抚仙湖北岸万亩湿地建设对近岸水域水生态影响的初步研究。研究结果表明：为了更好地保护抚仙湖水生态安全,湿地建设应尽量保留原有的优良基质（沙滩砾石滩）,构建乔、灌、草共生,阶梯式净化且后期维护简便的偏自然型的深水湖泊湖滨带湿地。     

典型生态学方向研究性实验案例设计与教学实践研究

以研究性实验案例“公众参与调查”教学设计为例,结合笔者多年实践教学经验,探索了将理论方法转化为具体实验教学方法的途径,介绍了将该实验方法应用于具体的教学实践过程,阐释了实验教学各环节和具体过程,尤其是将问卷调查法融入具体教学,列举了部分实验结果,总结了教学过程反馈的若干问题.希望本文在实验设计与教学实践方面的探索,为深化中国高校实践教学改革提供行之有效的借鉴.     

不同溶解氧条件下A/O系统的除碳脱氮效果和细菌群落结构变化

应用一个在不同的溶解氧(3、2、1和0.5 mg·L-1)浓度下长期运行的缺氧/好氧(A/O)小试系统考察了溶解氧浓度的变化对系统的除碳和脱氮效果以及细菌群落结构的影响.结果表明,A/O系统的除碳和脱氮效果不随溶解氧(DO)的降低而降低,在低溶解氧(0.5 mg·L-1)条件下,系统仍具有很好的除碳和脱氮效果,即化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮(NH+4-N)和总氮(TN)的去除率分别为89.7%、98.3%和88.0%.通过PCR-DGGE方法,对系统中的细菌群落结构随DO浓度的变化规律进行了分析,结果表明,微生物群落结构随DO浓度的变化有所不同,高DO和低DO环境中的细菌群落结构差异较大,但是与高DO条件下系统内的细菌群落相比,在低DO条件下系统内细菌群落仍具有较高的生物多样性.在低DO条件下,系统内的优势细菌主要被鉴定为Proteobacteria.     

城市景观生态建设探讨——以长沙市芙蓉区为例

城市景观生态建设是城市生态规划建设的重要内容。在归纳总结了城市景观生态的特点和规划内容的基础上,以长沙市芙蓉区为例,分析了长沙市芙蓉区景观生态现状,并运用景观生态学原理,对长沙市芙蓉区景观生态建设提出了一些建议和措施,具体包括：景观的生态框架设计,种群源（斑块）工程,廊道与节点工程,城市山水生态工程,城市绿地建设工程和城市景观文化规划。通过上述具体的生态景观规划和建设,使长沙市芙蓉区的景观生态能得到较大改善,更好地为城市生态功能服务。     

喀斯特地区生态环境保护与可持续发展

如何实现社会经济与生态环境可持续发展是全球共同关注的话题。由于我国地区贫富差距明显,要实现共同进入"全面小康社会"的宏伟目标,推动西部大开发的步伐刻不容缓。然而,中国西南地区被大面积的喀斯特地貌所占据,区域经济发展与生态环境矛盾十分突出,发展现状不容乐观。据此,本文在总结与分析喀斯特地区生态环境特点和现状的基础上,从"人-资源-经济-生态"协调发展的角度,对喀斯特区域改进发展方式,推动社会经济和生态环境可持续发展提出了八条建议。