The Relation Between Sandstorms and Strong Winds in Xinjiang,China

With observational data spanning 1961–1999 from 90 meteorological stations in Xinjiang, China, the spatial and temporal characteristics of sandstorms and strong winds, and the contribution of strong winds to the occurrence of sandstormsare analyzed. Moreover, the dominant wind direction and minimumwind speeds during sandstorm periods are discussed. The research shows that although possessing similar climatic trends, sandstorms and strong winds in Xinjiang have opposite geographical distributions, i.e. places with more sandstorms show fewer strong winds. The contribution of strongwinds to sandstorms in northern Xinjiang is larger than that insouthern Xinjiang. The dominant wind directions clearly indicatethe paths of the weather systems that introduced the sandstorms.The minimum wind speeds in the sandstorms were over 10 ms^-1in northern and eastern Xinjiang and in the Turpan and Yanqi Basins of southern Xinjiang. In Tarim Basin of southern Xinjiang,however, the minimum wind speed was about 6–8 ms^-1, and even 6 ms^-1 at its southern edge.     

巷道及边坡工程中的膨胀岩灾害与防治

分析了膨胀岩的胀缩机理及影响因素,总结了近几年的理论研究成果。着重论述了巷道和边坡工程中的膨胀 岩所造成的灾害形式,通过分析诱发灾害的机理,有针对性地提出了一些防治措施。     

QUALITY OF HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL DATA IN COLD REGIONS1

ABSTRACT: Many users of hydrometeorological records are not aware of the number of inconsistencies and biases that occur in hydrometeorological records. Examples are presented illustrating how the exposures of sites for measurement of precipitation, wind, snow on the ground, and evaporation determine to a large extent how useful the records are for estimating areal conditions. For areas where precipitation in the form of snow produces a significant portion of the runoff, a smaller number of quality records may be more valuable for modeling than a much larger number of records of lower quality. Information is presented to show that the overall value of an operational hydrometeorological network is dependent upon how consistent and representative of average conditions the collected records are, especially for mountainous areas in cold regions.     

气候条件变化对棉纤维品质的影响

对棉纤维品质试验的结果分析表明，其长度受气候条件的影响不明显，而比强度和麦克隆值则明显受气候条件的影响。从变异值分析，受气候影响大小顺序是：比强度〉发克隆值〉长度。影响比强度的气候因子主要是日均温、累积降水量和相对湿度，影响麦克隆值的气候因子主要是日均温和累积降水量或夜均温、累积降水量。并确定影响比强度的日均温最低临界值为24．5℃，最适值为26．1℃，铃期累积降水量的最高临界值为109．9mm，最适值为44．6mm，栩对湿度的最高临界值为77．7％，最适值为67．9％。麦克隆值适宜范围的日均温为20．5～24．8℃，累积降水量为108．2～308．2mm。长度适宜范围的最低温度为14．7～20．8℃，相对湿度为84．7％～89．5％。这些因子和指标的确定为建立棉纤维品质的定量模型奠定了基础。     

台风湍流积分尺度与脉动风速谱——基于实测数据的分析

基于4个台风过程中的长时间序列风速、风方向观测数据，分析研究了近地台风的湍流积分尺度和脉动风速谱等脉动特性。介绍了湍流积分尺度的几种常见的计算方法，基于实测台风数据，分析研究了台风过程中湍流积分尺度的变化以及不同计算方法的稳定性。根据实测数据计算了纵向脉动风速谱，并与Von-Karman谱、Davenport谱、Simiu谱和Harris谱等经验谱进行了比较，给出了最适合描述台风纵向脉动风速谱的经验谱。还计算了横向脉动风速功率谱，并与基于各向同性湍流理论推导出的水平横向脉动风速谱进行了对比。     

瑞利波探测公路施工隧道地质灾害的可行性分析

瑞利波探测是一种原位测试的工程地震探测技术,其频散曲线的变化与地下地质条件存在联系,通过频散曲线的特征识别,可得到探测方向上一定范围内的地质构造情况;瑞利波在介质中的传播速度与介质的工程物理特性有关,据此可对探测范围内岩土的物理力学性质做出评价.本文针对公路隧道施工过程中普遍存在的地质问题,结合瑞利波的探测原理,论述了瑞利波探测公路隧道施工地质灾害的可行性.     

轨道交通工程隧道暗挖塌方事故的防控对策及应急抢险要点分析

本文根据广州市地质水文气象及隧道暗挖工程的施工特点，对广州市轨道交通工程隧道暗挖塌方事故进行了危险性分析，阐述了隧道暗挖工程的竖井、隧道开挖施工中塌方事故的主要防控对策与预防措施，以及塌方事故的应急准备及响应要点。     

SUMMER LOW FLOWS IN NEW ENGLAND DURING THE 20TH CENTURY1

ABSTRACT: High springtime river flows came earlier by one to two weeks in large parts of northern New England during the 20th Century. In this study it was hypothesized that late spring/early summer recessional flows and late summer/early fall low flows could also be occurring earlier. This could result in a longer period of low flow recession and a decrease in the magnitude of low flows. To test this hypothesis, variations over time in the magnitude and timing of low flows were analyzed. To help understand the relation between low flows and climatic variables in New England, low flows were correlated with air temperatures and precipitation. Analysis of data from 23 rural, unregulated rivers across New England indicated little evidence of consistent changes in the timing or magnitude of late summer/early fall low flows during the 20th Century. The interannual variability in the timing and magnitude of the low flows in northern New England was explained much more by the interannual variability in precipitation than by the interannual variability of air temperatures. The highest correlation between the magnitude of the low flows and air temperatures was with May through November temperatures (r =?0.37, p= 0.0017), while the highest correlation with precipitation was with July through August precipitation (r = 0.67, p > 0.0001).     

岩溶地区隧道施工对水环境影响评价指标体系的建立

随着人们环保意识的不断提高,交通隧道施工期对周边水环境的影响也日益受到关注。针对岩溶地区隧道的施工特点建立了隧道施工期对水环境影响的评价指标体系。该体系研究了施工中含污废水排放对地表水体污染以及地下水疏排给隧道周边水资源流失两方面进行评价;指标体系各层指标数量随施工进展与现场情况变化进行增减,以满足施工期不断变化情况对水环境影响大小的准确评估;该指标体系充分考虑到"木桶理论"的原理,明确施工过程中对水环境影响最严重环节,有助于及时采取保护措施。     

燃煤电厂烟塔合一排烟风洞试验与数值模拟对比分析

近年来,燃煤电厂烟塔合一烟气排烟对近距离环境影响的不确定性,使其在国内的推广过程受到一定限制。准确判断烟塔合一排烟的环境影响,对于我国现有燃煤电厂烟气污染物的排放有着巨大的工程价值和明显的现实意义。利用国家环境保护某重点实验室中风洞试验平台,对燃煤电厂烟塔合一烟气污染物在近距离的扩散和传输行为,进行物理风洞试验以及数值模拟计算,并进行对比分析。结果表明:德国Austal2000模式的浓度预测并不精确;数值风洞也有其差异性,而物理风洞的结果在很大程度上符合现有的理论及国内工程实际。