河西走廊石羊河下游地区盐碱土中放线菌多样性

为了解甘肃省河西走廊石羊河流域地区盐碱土中放线菌种群结构及多样性,采用非培养法对河西走廊石羊河下游流域的3种不同类型土样(原生盐碱土、次生盐碱土和农田土)的总DNA进行提取,用放线菌特异性引物对16S rRNA基因进行扩增,构建放线菌16S rRNA克隆文库.用HaeⅢ和HhaⅠ两种限制性内切酶对阳性克隆子进行16S rDNA扩增片段限制性内切酶分析(Amplifed Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis,ARDRA),提取酶切带型不同的菌液进行测序,构建其系统发育树并进行多样性指数分析.结果显示:原生盐碱土克隆文库中90个阳性克隆分归于20个OTUs,分属于微球菌科(Micrococcaceae)、中村氏菌科(Nakamurellaceae)、类诺卡氏菌科(Nocardioidaceae)、链霉菌科(Streptomycetaceae)、棒状杆菌科(Corynebacteriaceae)、诺卡氏菌科(Nocardiaceae)和未知类群;次生盐碱土克隆文库中98个阳性克隆分归于32个OTUs,分属于纤维素单胞菌科(Cellulomonadaceae)、微球菌科(Micrococcaceae)、地嗜皮菌科(Geodermatophilaceae)、类诺卡氏菌科(Nocardioidaceae)、小单孢菌科(Micromonosporaceae)、伪诺卡氏菌科(Pseudonocardiaceae)、链霉菌科(Streptomycetaceae)、链孢囊菌科(Streptosporangiaceae)、高温单孢菌科(Thermomonosporaceae)、动孢囊菌科(Kineosporiaceae)、糖霉菌科(Glycomycetaceae)和未知类群;农田土克隆文库中98个阳性克隆分归于10个OTUs,分属于微球菌科(Micrococcaceae)、博戈里亚湖菌科(Bogoriellaceae)、地嗜皮菌科(Geodermatophilaceae)、中村氏菌科(Nakamurellaceae)、类诺卡氏菌科(Nocardioidaceae)和未知类群.其中,微球菌亚目(Micrococcineae)是3种不同类型土壤中的优势类群.多样性指数和稀释性曲线分析结果显示,3种不同类型土壤中放线菌多样性为次生盐碱土>原生盐碱土>农田土.     

pH对水稻土全程氨氧化细菌丰度和群落结构组成影响

土壤pH被认为是影响AOA和AOB生态位分化的重要因子,而最近发现的全程氨氧化细菌(Comammox Nitrospira)也在土壤中广泛分布,推测pH可能也是影响全程氨氧化细菌生态位分化的重要因子.选取酸性红壤和中性紫色土发育的水稻土,采用荧光定量PCR及克隆测序技术,分析了全程氨氧化细菌Comammox Nitro...     

土霉素生产废水生物处理装置中微生物群落结构特征解析

抗生素对细菌具有强抑制作用,从而会影响废水生物处理系统中的微生物群落结构。在用定量PCR方法对土霉素生产废水处理装置(进水中土霉素浓度为1 662.1±248.6μg/L)中的细菌16S rRNA基因和真菌18S rRNA基因的含量进行比较的基础上,利用16S rRNA基因克隆文库方法对污泥中的细菌群落结构进行了详细解析。定量PCR结果显示,土霉素废水活性污泥中真菌(18S rRNA)/细菌(16S rRNA)基因的拷贝数比例高达1.2,明显较高于非抗生素肌苷废水活性污泥中的比例1.52×10-6,表明真菌对于土霉素废水中有机物的去除可能发挥重要作用。细菌克隆文库分析结果显示,Alpha变形菌和Beta变形菌是主要的优势菌,比例分别为23.7%和22.0%,其次是酸杆菌(17.0%)和拟杆菌(11.9%)。     

Evaluation of potential genotoxicity of five food dyes using the somatic mutation and recombination test

In this study, different concentrations of five food dyes (amaranth, patent blue, carminic acid, indigotine and erythrosine) have been evaluated for genotoxicity in the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) of Drosophila melanogaster. Standard cross was used in the experiment. Larvae including two linked recessive wing hair mutations were chronically fed at different concentrations of the test compounds in standard Drosophila Instant Medium. Feeding ended with pupation of the surviving larvae. Wings of the emerging adult flies were scored for the presence of spots of mutant cells which can result from either somatic mutation or somatic recombination. For the evaluation of genotoxic effects, the frequencies of spots per wing in the treated series were compared to the control group, which was distilled water. The present study shows that carminic acid and indigotine demonstrated negative results while erythrosine demonstrated inconclusive results. In addition 25 mg mL⁻¹ concentration of patent blue and 12.5, 25 and 50 mg mL⁻¹ concentrations of amaranth demonstrated positive results in the SMART.     

费氏中华根瘤菌15142的cysDN基因克隆及其相关功能

为确定cysDN操纵子的功能及对根瘤菌结瘤的影响,通过三亲本接合,将质粒转座子pTnMod-RKm′随机插入费氏中华根瘤菌15142中,建成随机插入突变体库,随后通过含有不同硫源的MM培养基的筛选得到一株不能利用硫酸盐但能够利用半胱氨酸的突变体.进一步克隆和测序分析后发现该操纵子与已报道的Sinorhizobium sp.strain BR816的cysDN在核苷酸水平上有92%的相似性,在氨基酸水平上有96%的相似性.用自杀质粒pK18mob分别构建含有cysD部分片段和cysN部分片段的重组质粒,通过三亲本接合导入出发菌株15142中,经过同源单交换,分别获得cysD的pK18mob正反向插入突变株cysDF/15142以及cysDR/15142和cysN的pK18mob正反向插入突变株cysNF/15142与cysNR/15142.用广谱宿主质粒pLAFRJ载体连接完整操纵子cysDN构建互补质粒cysDN+pLAFRJ,将该质粒通过三亲本接合导入突变株中,获得互补菌株.用不同硫源的液体MM培养基培养,发现互补菌株能够补回突变菌株不能利用硫酸盐作为唯一硫源的缺陷,说明cysDN操纵子确实与硫酸盐同化途径有关;植株试验表明突变株比出发菌株推迟结瘤1~2 d,固氮酶活也比出发菌株稍低;竞争结瘤试验表明突变菌株占瘤率较差,但在平均瘤数、平均瘤重、平均植株干重上则无差异.     

网络环境下高校图书馆的期刊管理

网络环境下高校图书馆期刊的载体类型、管理模式、服务方式都发生了根本性的变化,针对当前高校图书馆期刊管理工作中存在的资源配置、管理和服务等问题,提出网络环境下高校图书馆应合理配置各种载体类型资源,转变管理观念和服务模式,以提高期刊管理水平和使用效益。     

Start-up of the anammox process from the conventional activated sludge in a hybrid bioreactor

The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process was successfully started up from conventional activated sludge using a hybrid bioreactor within 2 months. The average removal efficiencies of ammonia and nitrite were both over 80%, and the maximum total nitrogen removal rate of 1.85 kg N/(m³.day) was obtained on day 362 with the initial sludge concentration of 0.7 g mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS)/L. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation of the granular sludge in the hybrid reactor clearly showed a high degree of compactness and cell sphericity, and the cell size was quite uniform. Transmission electron microscope photos showed that cells were round or oval, the cellular diameter was 0.6--1.0 μupm, and the percentage of the anammoxosome compartment was 51%--85% of the whole cell volume. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis (FISH) indicated that anammox bacteria became the dominant population in the community (accounting for more than 51% of total bacteria on day 250). Seven planctomycete 16S rRNA gene sequences were present in the 16S rRNA gene clone library generated from the biomass and affiliated to Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis and Candidatus Brocadia sp., a new anammox species. In addition, the average effluent suspended solid (MLSS) concentrations of outlets I (above the non-woven carrier) and II (below the non-woven carrier) were 0.0009 and 0.0035 g/L, respectively. This showed that the non-woven carrier could catch the biomass effectively, which increased biomass and improved the nitrogen removal rate in the reactor.     

高校图书馆开架管理的探讨

开架制的功能作用与社会效果虽被认可，但是开架管理却给高校图书馆带来了一些困扰。本文提出要制定严格的开架管理规章制度；建立、健全“代书板”制度；严格实行色标管理；深化内部管理，提高管理人员素质；加强对读者的教育和引导等方面的措施。     

试论高校图书馆开展竞争情报服务与教育

社会对竞争情报人才和竞争情报的需求越来越迫切,各种形式的竞争情报教育与服务发展越来越迅速.目前高校图书馆由于竞争情报意识不强、用户对图书馆的信任程度不够、高校竞争情报工作处在起步阶段等诸多不利因素,因而要增强情报意识和竞争情报宣传与培训,提高竞争情报人员的综合素质.