Transport and Diffusion of Ozone in the Nocturnal and Morning Planetary Boundary Layer of the Phoenix Valley

The evolution of ozone (O ₃) in the nocturnal and morning-transitional planetary boundary layer (PBL) of the Phoenix valley was measured as a part of the `Phoenix Sunrise Experiment 2001' of the U.S. Department of Energy conducted in June 2001. The goal of the field program was to study the transport, distribution and storage of ozone and its precursors in the urban boundary layer over a diurnal cycle. The ground level O <sub>3</sub> as well as mean meteorological variables and turbulence were measured over the entire period, and vertical profiling (using a tethered balloon) was made during the morning transition period. Approximately half of the observational days showed the usual diurnal cycle of high O <sub>3</sub> during the day and low O <sub>3</sub> at night, with nitrogen oxides (NO <sub>x</sub> = NO <sub>2</sub> + NO) showing an out of phase relationship with O <sub>3</sub>. The rest of the days were signified by an anomalous increase of O <sub>3</sub> in the late evening ( 2200 LST), concomitant with a sudden drop of temperature, an enhancement of wind speed and Reynolds stresses, a positive heat flux and a change of wind direction. NO <sub>x</sub> measurements indicated the simultaneous arrival of an `aged' air mass, which was corroborated by the wind predictions of a mesoscale numerical model. In all, the results indicate that the recirculation of O ₃ rich air masses is responsible for the said high-O ₃ events. Such air masses are produced during the transport of O ₃ precursors by the upslope flow toward mountainous suburbs during the day, and they return back to the city at night via downslope winds (i.e. mountain breeze). The corresponding flow patterns, and hence the high-O ₃ events, are determined by background meteorological conditions. The vertical profiling of O ₃ and flow variables during the morning transition points to a myriad of transport, mixing and chemical processes that determine the fate of tropospheric O ₃. How well such processes are incorporated and resolved in predictive O ₃ models should determine the accuracy of their predictions.     

在我区西部大开发的平台上认识和发展循环经济

文章从系统论的科学原理出发，分析和探讨内蒙古工业经济发展模式，即线性经济模式和循环经济模式的不同点。同时指出，走循环经济的道路更符合系统科学的原理，是内蒙古地区参与西部大开发建设的需要，也是实现可持续发展的一个非常重要的途径。     

Changes in the central and peripheral circulatory system in response to the cold: own studies using impedance plethysmography and Doppler ultrasound

The aim of the study was to determine the cardiovascular response to continuous (4 °C for 60 min) and intermittent (10 min at 4?°C and 10 min at room temperature alternately) exposure to the cold in 30 healthy young men. The subjects were equipped with a set of identical clothing (insulation 2.1 clo) and during the stay in the chamber and outside performed the same activities, i.e., walking on a treadmill at a speed of 0.5?km/h. The tests included assessing the central circulatory system using the Holter system and assessing the peripheral circulatory system using impedance plethysmography and Doppler ultrasound. The analysis of the parameters that describe the central and peripheral circulation poses a difficulty in determining which variant of exposure constitutes a greater load on the circulatory system. It should be noted that even the conditions used in the study may cause adverse effects in the cardiovascular system.     

我国大力发展循环经济的必要性分析

我国经济的高速发展使生态环境日益恶化，可持续发展问题成为建设小康社会的主要瓶颈。循环经济能使资源以最低的投入达到最高效率的使用和最大限度的循环利用，实现了污染物排放的最小化，是实现可持续发展的最佳经济模式。因此，我国必须大力发展循环经济。     

IC反应器处理啤酒废水的效能及其微生物群落动态分析

在35℃下连续运行内循环厌氧反应器(IC),通过不断提高进水容积负荷,研究不同运行负荷下反应器处理模拟啤酒废水的运行情况,并探讨微生物的种群结构与其活性变化之间的相互关系.IC反应器效能分析表明其最大进水容积负荷(以COD计)可达20 kg.(m3.d)-1,COD去除率为85%以上,最大比产甲烷活性(以VSS计)可达210 mL.(g.d)-1;污泥脱氢酶活性与细菌DGGE图谱表明反应器中脱氢酶活性的变化趋势与细菌DGGE条带总光强度的变化趋势一致,DGGE图谱中细菌条带的总光密度值可作为厌氧体系中生物量的一个参考指标;辅酶F420与古细菌DGGE分析表明,污泥中辅酶F420含量与甲烷鬃菌属(Methanosaeta sp.)的相对丰度有一定的相互联系,在低负荷条件下甲烷八叠球菌属(Methanosarcina mazei)优势地位比较显著,随着负荷的提高,甲烷鬃菌属(Methanosaeta sp.)优势地位逐渐显著,且辅酶F420含量随之升高,当最大负荷为20kg.(m3.d)-1时,辅酶F420的含量(以VSS计)达到0.16μmol.g-1,而此时甲烷鬃菌属(Methanosaeta sp.)占据尤为明显的优势地位;聚类分析(UPGAMA)和Shannon指数也表明在不同反应负荷下,微生物的群落结构变化明显.     

河西走廊绿色农业循环模式研究

以绿色农业理念为基础,针对河西走廊绿洲灌区环境资源特点、产业优势及生产中存在的问题,通过对当地玉米、小麦两大主栽作物秸秆饲料化利用、肉牛健康养殖、废弃物综合利用、农畜产品生产全程质量监控等技术的组装配套,研究总结形成种养结合、资源循环利用、清洁生产的绿色农业发展模式,即种养结合型模式＂玉米-牛-沼-肥＂、大田设施配套型模式＂小麦-菇-肥-果（葡萄）＂、小型养殖场型模式＂牛-沼/蚯蚓-肥/饲料＂,并对模式的原理、特点、技术集成要点及效益进行阐述分析。对该3种模式在武威市凉州区谢河镇示范验证,农田节水30%,秸秆养殖利用率达到60%,牛羊良种化率提高30%,奶牛母犊牛生产率达88%,减少化肥施用量20%,减少生活能源支出55%,减少农业废弃物排放75%,提高农业综合效益36%。     

山东半岛冬季冷流暴雪的气候特征及其成因征兆

利用山东半岛降雪资料、海温观测资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,首先用EOF方法,在探讨了山东半岛41年(1965-2005年)冬季冷流降雪气候特征的基础上,重点分析了冷流暴雪的气候特征及时空分布。结果表明:山东半岛冬季冷流暴雪在文登附近有一个强正值中心,在招远附近有一个次强正值中心;降雪量在1980-1995年间呈5年左右的周期振荡,1996-2005年间呈2～3年周期振荡;山东半岛平均每年有0.9个冷流暴雪日。其次,分析了气温和海-气温差与冷流暴雪发生的关系。最后,根据山东半岛冬季冷流暴雪的3种不同的空间分布形态,建立了对应的3种冷流暴雪的500hPa环流模型。     

石羊河流域地下水循环的同位素和地球化学演化特征

石羊河流域是我国水资源开发程度最高的内陆河流域之一,是干旱区典型的水资源脆弱带,其生态环境问题日益严重,因此,研究石羊河流域地下水循环和地球化学演化规律具有重要意义.本研究从祁连山顶到红崖山水库沿径流剖面采集水样,对降水、地表水和地下水的水化学及同位素δ18O、δD进行分析,以揭示地下水的补给、径流和排泄规律.结果表明,地下水径流系统在向下游输送的过程中不断接受河流的渗漏补给和农田灌溉入渗补给,通过河床溢流、人工开采的形式排泄,盆地平原区地下水以垂向运动为主.盆地下游是地下水的主要排泄区,盆地北端地下水随基底抬升而上升溢出,转化为地表水排出.流域地下水从上游到下游矿化度逐渐升高,溶解性总固体(TDS)值在131 ～1750mg·L-1之间;水化学类型从HCO3--SO42--Ca2+-Mg2+型逐渐转化为SO42--HCO3-Mg2+-Ca2+型,呈现明显的分带特征.