新型高效气体扩散电极的制备与性能

评述了原位产生H₂O₂的电化学法污水处理技术中使用的主要电极,研究了用石墨制备高效气体扩散电极的方法。对石墨用HNO₃与H₃PO₄的混合液改性,石墨与聚四氟乙烯的质量比为2∶1,电极经350℃煅烧1 h,对溶解O₂还原产生H₂O₂的催化活性最高。仅在pH值很低时,电极的活性较差,在pH=3～9时,电极的活性受pH值变化影响较小。在pH=3时电解150 min,电极的电流效率始终高于72%,H₂O₂浓度达到了274.5 mg/L。     

某铀矿山废石场及尾砂库氡污染调查

通过对某退役铀矿山的 14个废石堆放场及 3个尾砂库氡析出率的测量及内照射剂量的估算 ,表明 ,只有一个废石场的氡析出率超过国家规定的管理限值水平 ;尾砂库的氡析出率较高 ,个别测点的氡析出率超出管理限值水平近 7倍 ;因氡析出而使当地居民额外所受的年最大有效剂量当量为 0 0 5 8mSv。指出在尾砂库表面覆盖黄土 ,可以有效降低氡析出水平 ,当覆盖厚度达 0 5m时 ,可将氡析出水平降低 84%以上。     

Identification and spatial patterns of coastal water pollution sources based on GIS and chemometric approach

Comprehensive and joint applications of GIS and chemometric approach were applied in identification and spatial patterns of coastal water pollution sources with a large data set （5 years （2000-2004）, 17 parameters） obtained through coastal water monitoring of Southern Water Control Zone in Hong Kong. According to cluster analysis the pollution degree was significantly different between September-next May （the 1st period） and June-August （the 2nd period）. Based on these results, four potential pollution sources, such as organic/eutrophication pollution, natural pollution, mineral/anthropic pollution and fecal pollution were identified by factor analysis/principal component analysis. Then the factor scores of each monitoring site were analyzed using inverse distance weighting method, and the results indicated degree of the influence by various potential pollution sources differed among the monitoring sites. This study indicated that hybrid approach was useful and effective for identification of coastal water pollution source and spatial patterns.     

双侧破裂模型对地震动空间相关性影响的远场分析

根据震源理论,将由双侧破裂模型计算得到的场地Fourier谱,等价表述为从初始破裂点沿两个相反方向破裂的单侧破裂模型独立计算到的相同场地Fourier谱,以相对长度为权重的线性组合。据此,在远场假定下,得到了双侧破裂模型刻画地震动场分布的两个重要复变参数α1和α2,以及由它们确定场的孔径的解析表达式。最后,以一次地震为例,计算了α1和α2的实部和虚部,以及孔径随震中距、方位角和频率变化的三维图像。     

有有效时间约束的最大流问题及其算法

交通运输在抗震救灾中起着非常重要的作用,无论是运输量的多少或是时间的及时与否,都直接影响着救灾的效果.而前人的单发点最短路径算法,难以满足救灾中多处救援物资及时到达和救援物资量上的需要.本文设计了确定救援站点(发点)的快速搜索程序,并在此基础上将单发点的救援路线问题扩展为多发点问题.同时考虑各条路段的最大运输量,使得出的紧急救援路线,不仅能满足救援物资的及时到达,同时又能满足对救援物资等运输量上的需求.     

昆钢煤气系统的经济安全性分析与优化

从安全运行和经济运行两方面论述了昆钢煤气系统中存在的问题，针对存在问题提出解决措施及建议。     

Determination of the maximum effective burning velocity of dust–air mixtures in constant volume combustion

The reactivity of a combustible dust cloud is traditionally characterized by the so-called K_St value, defined as the maximum rate of pressure rise measured in constant volume explosion vessels, multiplied with the cube root of the vessel volume. The present paper explores the use of an alternative parameter, called the maximum effective burning velocity (u_eff,max), which also is derived from pressure–time histories obtained in constant volume explosion experiments. The proposed parameter describes the reactivity of fuel–air mixtures as a function of the dispersion-induced turbulence intensity. Procedures for estimating u_eff,max from tests in both spherical and cylindrical explosion vessels are outlined, and examples of calculated values for various fuel–air mixtures in closed vessels of different sizes and shapes are presented. Tested fuels include a mixture of 7.5% methane in air, and suspensions of 500 g/m³ cornstarch in air and 500 g/m³ coal dust in air. Three different test vessels have been used: a 20-l spherical vessel and two cylindrical vessels, 7 and 22 l. The results show that the estimated maximum effective burning velocities are less apparatus dependent than the corresponding K_St values.     

山脊防火林带有效结构的研究

防火林带的防火性能与阻风性能密切相关。本实验采用风洞模拟方法,对通风结构、疏透结构和紧密结构3种防火林带附近的风速进行测定,绘制了3种结构防火林带迎风面的风廊线。结果表明：紧密结构与疏透结构防火林带附近的阻风性能比较好,而通风结构阻风性能最差;但紧密结构防火林带上方的相对风速高达130％,为飞火的产生创造了条件;疏透结构林带上方的最大相对风速只有110％,不具备飞火产生的条件。所以,山脊防火林带的有效结构为疏透结构。     

"05728"小兴安岭致洪暴雨中尺度分析

为了加强对黑龙江省暴雨中尺度系统的认识，有利于暴雨灾害的预报和防御，对2005年7月28-29日发生在小兴安岭的暴洪中尺度系统，从大尺度环流形势、环流演变特征、云图和雷达回波上观测到的中尺度云团的发生发展、水汽来源、产生的热力和动力条件等几方面进行了比较深入的分析。分析表明：暴雨中尺度系统是在高空槽和新生东北低涡的环境中诱发出来的；卫星和雷达图像也观测到了中-β尺度和中-α尺度的中尺度对流复合体（Mesoscale Convective complex，MCC）的发生发展；中尺度系统的水汽通道主要有两支：西南气流和偏东气流；中层冷空气的推动、风场垂直和水平切变及地形强迫抬升是这次暴洪过程中尺度系统的动力因子和触发条件。     

Oxidation of SO2 in Clouds at Whiteface Mountain

In-cloud oxidation of SO₂ byH₂O₂ was investigated using a tracertechnique based on SO^2– ₄/Se ratios atWhiteface Mountain, New York during summer months from1990 to 1998. Cloud water samples collected at themountain's summit (1.5 km above mean sea level) andaerosols at a below cloud site (Lodge) located at 0.6km amsl and in cloud interstitial air at the summitwere analyzed for SO^2– ₄ and selectedtrace elements. Gaseous SO₂ andH₂O₂were measured in realtime. Cloud water pH wasgenerally below 5.0 with a mean value of 3.6. Theresults show that significant in cloud oxidation occursin clouds during summer months varying from belowdetection to 62% with on average approximately 24% ofthe cloud water SO^2– ₄ produced from in-situ SO₂ oxidation. During summer the clouds wereoxidant limited for approximately one third of thetime.