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141.
Daniel Leblanc Pierre Ouellette 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1988,24(2):341-345
ABSTRACT: Various techniques, one of which is zoning, are used to control the extent of flood damage. The benefit-cost analysis of zoning programs must take into account the random nature of flooding. This paper outlines a method for determining not only the expected value of the benefit-cost ratio, but also the probability of such a zoning program being profitable. It also presents an application of the method to the assessment of the Outaouais Regional Community zoning program. 相似文献
142.
灰色聚类法在地下水质量评价中的应用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
运用灰色聚类法对淮北市地下水质量进行评价,结果表明淮北市地下水质量达到了Ⅲ类水质标准以上,能够达到当地地下水环境功能区划要求。评价结果与实际情况一致,评价方法较精确,具有科学性。 相似文献
143.
Modeling the Influence of Dynamic Zoning of Forest Harvesting on Ecological Succession in a Northern Hardwoods Landscape 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Dynamic zoning (systematic alteration in the spatial and temporal allocation of even-aged forest management practices) has been proposed as a means to change the spatial pattern of timber harvest across a landscape to maximize forest interior habitat while holding timber harvest levels constant. Simulation studies have established that dynamic zoning strategies produce larger tracts of interior, closed canopy forest, thus increasing the value of these landscapes for interior-dependent wildlife. We used the simulation model LANDIS to examine how the implementation of a dynamic zoning strategy would change trajectories of ecological succession in the Great Divide Ranger District of the Chequamegon–Nicolet National Forest in northern Wisconsin over 500 years. The components of dynamic zoning strategies (number of zones in a scenario and the length of the hiatus between successive entries into zones) and their interaction had highly significant impacts on patterns of forest succession. Dynamic zoning scenarios with more zones and shorter hiatus lengths increased the average amount of the forest dominated by early successional aspen (Populus sp.). Dynamic zoning scenarios with two zones produced more late successional mature northern hardwoods than scenarios with four zones. Dynamic zoning scenarios with very short (30 years) or very long (120 years) hiatus lengths resulted in more late successional mature northern hardwoods than scenarios with intermediate hiatus lengths (60 and 90 years). However, none of the dynamic scenarios produced as much late successional mature northern hardwoods as the static alternative. Furthermore, the amounts of all habitat types in all dynamic zoning scenarios fluctuated greatly in time and space relative to static alternatives, which could negatively impact wildlife species that require a stable amount of habitat above some minimum critical threshold. Indeed, implementing dynamic zoning scenarios of different designs would have both positive and negative effects on wildlife species and for other objectives of forest management. 相似文献
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146.
本文对新疆阿舍勒块状铜锌碱化物矿体的内部构造及矿物共生组合进行了研究,与现代海底硫化物矿床的矿物分带作了比较,初步认为影响该矿床矿物分带的主要因素是成矿溶液的初始温度。 相似文献
147.
一种改进的模糊聚类方法在大气环境质量评价中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
一般的模糊聚类分析方法只能解决大气污染状况的顺序问题,或只能得出此地与彼地的大气质量状况的相似程度,而不能同时确定大气质量的具体等级。本文提出的一种改进的模糊聚类分析方法解决了这一问题、该方法的主要改进在于:①以各污染因子的污染程度的分级标准值为聚类中心,待分样本与聚类中心之间的相似系数或待分样本隶属于某一类的隶属函数作为聚类函数;②相似系数设计为几何平均最小型,隶属函数设计为正态分布型。实例计算和比较表明,该方法是大气环境质量评价中的一种较好的方法。 相似文献
148.
149.
Jen‐Yang Lin Shaw L. Yu Tsu‐Chuan Lee 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2000,36(5):989-1001
ABSTRACT: For many years, a commonly used strategy for source water protection in Taiwan has been setting up arbitrary, fixed‐width buffer zones near sensitive waters, such as water‐supply reservoirs, and prohibiting any development in their watersheds. However, such regulations are now often viewed as infringing by the government on landowners' property rights, a situation that has led to citizen protests. This paper describes a proposed strategy that is water‐quality based and uses a quantitative zoning approach. A reservoir's watershed is divided into several zones beginning from the normal water line to the divide. Different levels of best management practices (BMPs) are required for controlling runoff pollution in different zones. The layout of the management zones is based on a number of factors such as reservoir classification, water quality conditions, and physical characteristics of the watershed. The goal of promoting such an approach is to try to balance the needs of watershed development and water quality protection. A case study using the Tapu Reservoir Watershed in Northern Taiwan as an example for illustrating the proposed zoning approach is presented. 相似文献
150.
基于最小费用距离模型的自然保护区功能分区 总被引:26,自引:1,他引:25
合理的功能分区是维持自然保护区保护功能和实施有效管理的关键。功能分区的环套模式反映了生物保护的一种分级措施,而最小费用距离反映了物种的被保护程度和景观对物种的干扰程度等阻力特性,因此,功能分区阈值是联系这种阻力变化和分级保护措施的一个纽带。以老县城大熊猫自然保护区为例,提出了利用最小费用距离模型进行功能分区的方法。阻力层的确定、阻力值的赋予、功能分区阈值的确定等问题构成了应用最小费用距离模型进行功能分区的基本要素。研究结果表明:应用最小费用距离模型进行功能分区进一步丰富了功能分区的研究方法;最小费用距离应用于功能分区的关键点在于功能分区阈值的确定;利用标准方差分类方法可以设计不同安全水平的功能分区。 相似文献