数学统计方法在公路降噪措施中的应用

基于交通噪声影响的复杂性,提出将层次分析法和加权系统聚类法应用于公路环保设计降噪措施的决策中,有效避免了人为主观因素的片面性.选取3个反映交通噪声影响程度的指标并予以量化,采用层次分析法和加权系统聚类法对各个受噪声影响的环境敏感点按影响程度进行排序及归类,在时间及资金有限的情况下,实现降噪措施的优化设计及资金的有效使用.     

基于Arcgis和AHP的湖北省内高铁(城铁)线路雷电灾害风险区划

通过对湖北省内高铁(城铁)沿线相关气象、社会经济、高铁(城铁)里程与运力、地形与水系等相关资料进行离差标准化处理,采用层次分析法(AHP),选取雷电强度与频次、河网密度、海拔高度、高铁(城铁)里程与运力、人均GDP、雷电预警能力等因子构建了湖北省内高铁(城铁)线路雷电灾害风险区划模型,并使用Arcgis10绘制了湖北省...     

四川呷村多金属矿床的垂向分带

呷村多金属矿床是典型的海相火山热液一喷气沉积块状硫化物矿床。它具明显的垂向分带性,自下而上依次为铅锌矿带、铜铅锌银矿带和重晶石矿带,类似于日本黑矿型矿床的黄矿带、黑矿带和重晶石矿带。下部矿石主要呈粒状结构,脉状、网脉状构造;上部矿石常呈胶状、草莓状结构,块状、条带状、层纹状构造.围岩蚀变在铅锌矿带及其下伏火山岩中非常发育,而在上部块状矿层中却十分微弱。按蚀变的种类和强度,矿区分五个蚀变带。cu、Pb、Zn、Ag、Au、S、Ba等元素含量在含矿带内有随层位升高而增大的变化规律。研究表明,成矿溶液的温度、物质成份、fO_2、pH值,以及围岩岩性等因素控制呷村矿床的垂向分带。     

斜长石环带的成因机制

系统地分析了外长石环带的研究现状,并提出了外长石的小尺度韵律环带起因于自组织过程,而与环境因素无关,其形成对应着相对静态的环境;斜长石的大尺度韵律环带刚起因于环境（主要是温度、压力）的“周期性”波动,而不可能是自组织成因,其形成过程记录了环带生长期间岩浆活动的情况（岩浆的温度、压力、组分浓度等）。斜长石的小尺度韵律环带是在结晶五度稳定在国相线附近的温度范围内形成的。当结晶温度低于团相线温度时,则形成非韵律环带或枝晶甚至玻璃体;非韵律型环带是由于环境的温度或压力的持续变化而形成的,它的结晶温度比大环带中套小环带形成时的结晶温度要低一些,或者说其非平衡程度更大一些。     

Incentive problems in Canada's land markets: Emphasis on Ontario

The specific issue addressed in this paper is urban encroachment on agricultural lands, and the problems it poses for both analysis and the conservation of the land resource. The purpose of our discussion is two-fold: (1) to identify where and why traditional analytical and regulatory approaches fail to resolve land use conflicts, and (2) to explore ways and means of resolving some of the dilemmas which society faces in making land use decisions. This paper's contribution is in the spirit of Getting Incentives Right for the inter-temporal transfer of wealth, as represented in trade-offs between environmental and resource endowments and human and physical capital. Efforts are placed on identifying what the appropriate price, levy, taxes, and grant ratios ought to be in order to encourage individuals in the marketplace to act in society's interest. We have also explored ways of efficiently transmitting those incentives through the market mechanism, without unduly relying on bureaucratic methods or suasion. Emphasis is placed on mechanisms that have little scope for preferential access and are subject to public scrutiny; emphasis on such self-disciplining approaches should result in less effort expended on (unproductive) lobbying activities and bureaucratic administration.Brad Gilmour and Ted Huffman are Policy Analyst and Land Use Specialist respectively with Agriculture and Agri-food Canada. Andy Terauds and Charlie Jefferson are chairman and secretary respectively for the Ontario Institute of Agrologists Ottawa Branch Land Use Committee. This paper is intended to provoke thought and stimulate debate for input into the land use policy process and should not be seen as representing the views and policies of either Agriculture Canada or the Ontario Institute of Agrologists.     

珠江水系水资源功能区划

从自然的、经济的和技术的角度出发,以环境保护的观点,按照自然环境条件、生态条件、社会条件、社会经济状况和水质状况的共同性和差异性,进行区域划分,确定区域的水资源功能分区,为合理开发、利用和保护该区域水资源指明目标、方向和途径.     

改进的灰色变权聚类法在水质评价中的应用

本文以灰色系统理论和模糊数学理论为基础，改进了传统灰色聚类法隶属函数的构建模式，通过扩充函数的取值区间，变更函数型式，保证了评价信息的完整性和精确性；通过修正污染因子权系数的标定模式，既考虑各因子在不同污染级别中作用的不同，同时也充分考虑各因子各自在不同污染级别中的权重不同，把二者相结合，进行权系数标定，提高了评价的准确性和分辨率。     

甾烷作为溢油指示物的模糊聚类分析研究

用模糊聚类分析对溢油指示物甾烷进行了研究，为消除进样误差的影响，以标准化相对峰高为基本数据，推算出了油种及其甾烷的动态模糊聚类分析图。结果表明，油种的动态模糊聚类分析图可以显示油种间的疏近程度；甾烷的动态模糊聚类分析图可以表征溢油指示物各甾烷的贡献率，15个甾烷是模糊聚类分析的主要因子，属较理想的溢油指示物。     

中条山东段植被垂直带的数量分类研究

在野外调查的基础上,应用有序样方聚类法对中条山东段植 垂直带进行了数量分类研究,结果为：１．落叶阔叶林带,包括４个亚带：（１）侧柏林带（５００￣８００ｍ）,（２０松栎林带（８００￣１８００ｍ）,（３）栓皮林带（１４００￣２０００ｍ）和（４）杨桦林带（１９００￣２２００ｍ）;２．山地草甸带（２１００￣２３５８ｍ）。此外,与前人的划分结果进行了比较,结果表明,有序样方聚类法的结果更符合实际情况。     

Using latent class clustering and binary logistic regression to model Australian cyclist injury severity in motor vehicle–bicycle crashes

Introduction: In recent years, Australia is seeing an increase in the total number of cyclists. However, the rise of serious injuries and fatalities to cyclists has been a major concern. Understanding the factors affecting the fatalities and injuries of bicyclists in crashes with motor vehicles is important to develop effective policy measures aimed at improving the safety of bicyclists. This study aims to identify the factors affecting motor vehicle-bicycle (MVB) crashes in Victoria, Australia and introducing effective countermeasures for the identified risk factors. Method: A data set of 14,759 MVB crash records from Victoria, Australia between 2006 and 2019 was analyzed using the binary logit model and latent class clustering. Results: It was observed that the factors that increase the risk of fatalities and serious injuries of bicyclists (FSI) in all clusters are: elderly bicyclist, not using a helmet, and darkness condition. Likewise, in areas with no traffic control, clear weather, and dry surface condition (cluster 1), high speed limits increase the risk of FSI, but the occurrence of MVB crashes in cross intersection and T-intersection has been significantly associated with a reduction in the risk of FSI. In areas with traffic control and unfavorable weather conditions (cluster 2), wet road surface increases the risk of FSI, but the areas with give way sign and pedestrian crossing signs reduce the risk of FSI. Practical Applications: Recommendations to reduce the risk of fatalities or serious injury to bicyclists are: improvement of road lighting and more exposure of bicyclists using reflective clothing and reflectors, separation of the bicycle and vehicle path in mid blocks especially in high-speed areas, using a more stable bicycle for the older people, monitoring helmet use, improving autonomous emergency braking, and using bicyclist detection technology for vehicles.