Toward Sustainable Management of National Parks in Japan: Securing Local Community and Stakeholder Participation

Japan’s national park system constitutes a potentially viable mechanism for securing local community participation and building stakeholder consensus for sustainable park management, although the potential of this system is yet to be fully maximized. This article gives an overview of the system of protecting natural resources in Japan, focusing on the national park system. Parks are managed by zoning and regulation, which is unique in that land is not “set aside” for nature conservation, but designated as national park wherever the need to preserve “scenic beauty” has been recognized, regardless of land ownership or land use. Although resource conservation under this system has been problematic, it has advantages, especially in terms of community participation. This article demonstrates that in order to reach the system’s potential, the park authority must act as coordinator of stakeholders and facilitator of bottom-up approaches to decision-making. In order to do this, steps that must be taken include the following: identifying the various stakeholders in park management and defining the “local community”; clarifying the roles and responsibilities of each stakeholder; and supporting consensus-building among stakeholders regarding the objectives and long-term vision of each park. By taking these steps, it would be possible to build a park management system that overrides government boundaries and involves local communities. This will enable the park authority to address the challenges facing Japan’s complex system of conserving natural resources, and move towards sustainable management of natural resources in Japan.     

试论执行力文化的构建与政府行政效率的提高

首先论述了执行力文化的提出及内涵,随后说明了导致政府行政效率低下的3个原因,由此引出了在政府中倡导构建执行力文化是提高政府效率的有效手段,最后以秦皇岛市为例,说明了在政府中如何构建执行力文化的几个方面内容.     

德宏“7.5”特大滑坡泥石流灾害分析及其对策

受滇缅高压外围强对流天气影响,2004年7月5日云南德宏州的陇川、盈江、瑞丽等县(市)普降暴雨,引发大面积的滑坡、泥石流和山洪灾害,造成死亡18人、失踪24人、直接经济损失4.8亿元的区内近几十年来最严重的灾害。在分析此特大滑坡、泥石流、山洪灾害的活动特点、形成条件和激发因素的基础上,得出今后一段时间该区地质灾害将处于活跃期的评估结论。针对这一状况,提出了应急措施和防灾减灾对策。     

广州市主要地质灾害成灾机制与时空分布

广州经济高速发展,人口、资源和环境的矛盾日益突出,地质环境渐趋恶化,地质灾害频繁发生,崩塌、滑坡和地面塌陷等严重阻碍了城市的可持续发展.就这些地质灾害而言,活动断裂纵横交错是其地质构造基础,强烈风化与疏松地表是其物质来源,降水与径流量丰沛是其动力条件,暴雨、洪水则是其诱发因素.人类活动,如过量抽取地下水、乱采滥伐森林植被等增加了地质环境的压力,破坏了生态平衡,成为重要的致灾因子.广州城市地质灾害在过去10年里呈波浪状上升态势,1998年以来尤为严重;空间上主要集中在老城区、广花盆地和低山丘陵区.     

Bacterioplankton Community Structure and Dynamics in Enclosures During Bioremediation Experiments in an Acid Mining Lake

In an acid mining lake (pH 2.6) enclosure experiments wereperformed with the addition of different concentrations oforganic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. SSCP-communityfingerprints, based on 16S rRNA gene amplicons, were performed tomonitor changes in the structure of the total bacterialcommunity and the sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) in themesocosms. Total bacterial cell counts, as assessed byepifluorescence microscopy, were increased in the mesocosmsamended with organic carbon. The addition of carbon alsoincreased the number of abundant bacterial taxa substantiallyalong depth. Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) could be detected inall enclosures and all parts of the water column. These SRBbelonged to genus Desulfobacter as indicated bycoroborating molecular data.     

铬渣作水泥矿化剂的经济及环境效应分析

铬渣的处理利用一直是铬盐行业和固体污染物处理的难点，本文介绍了用铬渣作水泥矿化剂处理铬渣这种新方法的原理，并进行了经济和环境效应分析，结果表明用铬渣作水泥矿化剂确实是一种很好的处理铬渣的方法。     

关注室内放射性环境污染 保护公众健康

室内的各种放射性环境污染影响人类健康，本文通过对各种室内放射性环境污染的简要评述，让人们对室内放射性环境污染有科学认识，并提出一些对策。     

水泥固定TiO2光催化降解苯酚水溶液的研究

以高压汞灯为光源。研究水泥固定TiO2在光反应器内光催化降解苯酚水溶液。通过正交试验，探讨了TiO2含量、初始溶液pH值，流速以及Fe3 浓度对光催化的影响。试验结果表明，在该固定床光催化反应器内，载体型TiO2对苯酚水溶液有明显的光解作用，最高光降率可以达到80％以上。在此基础上，提出了较为合理的处理工艺参数。另外，负载型光催化剂光照使用70h后，未见有TiO2脱落，且光催化活性无明显变化。这为制备负载型TiO2光催化剂提供了新的途径。     

综放采空区防灭火注氮数值模拟与参数确定

用有限元数值方法 ,求解了综放开采采空区注氮情况下的漏风渗流方程和氧浓度渗流耗散方程 ;结合计算机图形技术 ,直观展示了注氮前后采空区流场、流态和氧浓度分布动态变化 ;模拟了在不同注氮量下注氮控制区边界的变化过程 ,得到控制区边界位置与注氮流量呈负指数关系 ;重点探讨了用数值模拟方法确定合理注氮参数 (注氮流量、注氮位置和注氮时间 )的新方法。     

城市的安全发展与地下空间利用

随着城市人口的快速增长 ,中国的城市发展面临着巨大挑战。笔者具体分析了我国城市发展所面临的诸多问题即占用大量土地资源、建筑空间拥挤、交通堵塞、环境污染严重、城市综合防灾能力薄弱等等 ;通过借鉴发达国家在解决城市问题方面的成功经验和历史教训 ,提出大力发展和利用地下空间是解决城市问题的最有效途径 ;并在实践的基础上提出地下空间规划的思路和原则。上述分析和设想愿与同行共酌探讨。