洱海入湖河口湿地干湿季沉积物氮、磷、有机质垂向分布特征及污染风险差异性

以云南洱海罗时江河口湿地为典型对象,利用柱状底泥分层采样器采集罗时江河口湿地表层(0~10 cm)、中层(10~30 cm)和底层(30~60 cm)沉积物样品,分析干、湿季沉积物总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、有机质(OM)垂向分布特征,并对沉积物进行污染风险评价.结果表明:1干季罗时江河口湿地表层、中层和底层沉积物TN平均含量分别为1.734、1.453和1.255g·kg~(-1),TP平均值分别1.085、1.034和0.992 g·kg~(-1),OM平均值分别为59.051、47.730和42.133 g·kg~(-1);湿季罗时江河口湿地表层、中层和底层沉积物TN平均含量分别为1.147、0.948和0.895 g·kg~(-1),TP平均值分别0.599、0.523和0.519g·kg~(-1),OM平均值分别为53.098、46.897和43.395 g·kg~(-1);干、湿季各指标含量垂向分布随沉积深度的增加呈下降趋势,表层富集明显;三层沉积物各指标含量均为干季高于湿季,且除OM外,TN和TP均达到显著差异(P0.01).2单因子指数(PI)、有机氮指数(ON)和有机指数(OI)评价结果表明,整体上干季沉积物氮磷属于重度污染,有机质属于中度污染;湿季沉积物氮和有机质均为中度污染,磷为轻度污染;总体上沉积物氮、磷、有机质污染水平为干季高于湿季,且干、湿季各污染指数均为表层最高,中层次之,底层最低,表层污染最为严重.3干、湿季罗时江河口湿地污染来源存在差异,干季以外源为主,湿季以内源为主;干季沉积物营养盐潜在释放风险较湿季大,且以表层释放风险最大.     

铜铁氧体法处理模拟染料废水

探讨了不同反应条件对铜铁氧体法(in situ copper ferrite process)处理亚甲基蓝、结晶紫、刚果红和酒石黄这4种不同模拟染料废水的效果,并以亚甲基蓝模拟染料废水为例,研究了铁氧体法处理染料废水的反应热力学和生成沉淀物的物理化学性质,提出了铜铁氧体法处理模拟染料废水的主要机制.结果表明,通过调节铜铁氧体法的反应条件对4种模拟染料废水均可取得良好的处理效果.在c(Cu2+)=0.01 mol·L-1,c(Fe2+)=0.025 mol·L-1,c(OH)/c(M)=1.7(投加的氢氧根离子与金属的摩尔比),T=40℃,t=60 min的条件下,铜铁氧体法对亚甲基蓝、酒石黄、结晶紫、刚果红这4种模拟染料废水的最大处理能力分别达到349.2、382.2、402.5、831.8 mg·g-1.铜铁氧体法处理模拟染料废水的机制主要是高活性的新生态Fe-Cu沉淀物对染料分子的高效吸附和在沉淀物聚集过程中的卷扫、包裹作用.沉淀物通过磁分离、分解提纯、高温煅烧可生成铜铁氧体晶体材料回收利用.     

分层型水源水库沉积物需氧量特性

为探明分层型水源水库沉积物需氧量(SOD)特性及其影响因素,选取西安金盆水库主库区上覆水体流速较低的库心区及流速较高的入库口两处沉积物进行对比实验,估算水体不同扰动条件下沉积物需氧量,利用Biolog-Eco平板和三维荧光光谱(EMMs)技术从底栖微生物群落代谢活性和沉积物有机质两方面对取样点沉积物需氧量的差异性进行分析.结果表明,静止条件下,入库与库心沉积物在较高溶解氧时(约5 mg·L-1)的沉积物面积需氧量SOD5area分别为0.13 g·(m2·d)-1和0.36g·(m2·d)-1,库心约为入库的2.69倍.动态条件下,沉积物-水界面上覆水扰动增加使沉积物需氧量增加,沉积物耗氧动力学由一阶动力学方程逐渐向零阶动力学方程转变.入库与库心沉积物有机质含量分别为44.43 mg·g-1和45.12 mg·g-1,库心沉积物的可溶解性有机质(DOM)的总荧光强度约为入库的1.5倍.有机质含量更高的库心沉积物细菌群落代谢活性(以AWCD表征)更强,表明高含量有机质和较强细菌代谢活性是引起库心沉积物需氧量大的主要因素.将深层水库水体耗氧过程的研究结果与现有充氧曝气技术进行结合,可为提高曝气器充氧效率提供科学依据.     

Residential satisfaction among aging people living in place

Residential satisfaction is a significant topic in environmental psychology yet there is little research on residential satisfaction among elders. This research aims to identify the cognitive structure of residential satisfaction of elderly persons living in their own dwellings and to identify demographic and psychological variables related to this residential satisfaction. One hundred and three participants, ranging in age from 72 to 86 years old and living at home in the central France, answered (a) a purpose-developed questionnaire to measure their residential satisfaction, (b) an environmental quality questionnaire aimed at evaluating both the physical and social environments, and (c) several psychological variables including: the ESV, a French adaptation of the Satisfaction with Life Scale which examines the general well-being of aging people; and three single well-being items assessing financial well-being, perceived health, and perception of oneself as active. The results indicated that in this sample, residential satisfaction corresponds to a four-dimension structure organized by physical location rather than psychological or behavioral aspects. The four components were the local area, access to services, relations with neighbors, and the home itself. Satisfaction with each component was related to different predictors, supporting the idea that elders hold complex and nuanced views of their homes and neighborhoods.     

煤层干式钻进粉尘扩散规律的研究

针对煤层干式钻进过程中粉尘污染严重的问题,分别对新庄孜矿c13煤层及10煤层干式钻进粉尘的分散度和煤的硬度进行测定,分析对比2煤层钻进时粉尘在3 m/s风速下的浓度分布情况;并针对C13煤层,在1.5 m/s,2.3 m/s和3 m/s的风速下测定粉尘浓度分布情况.根据粉尘浓度的实测数据,分析煤层干式钻进粉尘扩散规律....     

羟基多溴联苯醚(3'-OH-BDE-7)的大鼠体外肝代谢研究

本文利用液相色谱-质谱联用技术,建立了羟基多溴联苯醚3'-OH-BDE-7在S.D.大鼠肝匀浆中的体外代谢研究方法.实验结果表明,3'-OH-BDE-7的主要代谢产物为2,4-二溴苯酚和二羟基多溴联苯醚(diOHPBDEs),并且其在温孵30min,时代谢转化率为90%.3'-OH-BDE-7的代谢研究为其它羟基多溴联...     

Water Dispatch Model for Middle Route of a South‐to‐North Water Transfer Project in China1

Chang, Jian‐xia, Yi‐min Wang, and Qiang Huang, 2011. Water Dispatch Model for Middle Route of a South‐to‐North Water Transfer Project in China. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(1):70‐80. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00478.x Abstract: The objective of this paper is to present a simulation model to address the water dispatch problem of the south‐to‐north water transfer project for the Middle Route system in China. Reasonable rules and a system network structure are established. This model consists of five modules: (1) a data‐processing module, (2) an initial control module, (3) a multisource simulation dispatch module, (4) a system identification module, and (5) a revision module. Water allocated to each province and city along the route is obtained by simulation, and the long‐term operation results show that water supply reliabilities are significantly improved if the transferred water is jointly dispatched with the local water resources.     

甘家湖湿地边缘带土地荒漠化演变中土壤颗粒分形特征

采用分形理论,研究了甘家湖湿地边缘带不同景观变化类型土壤颗粒体积分形维数的特征。结果表明,（1）从芦苇湿地边缘、胡杨林土、梭梭灌木林土、芦苇湿地、耕地周边、耕地到盐化草甸土的土壤粒径变化可以看出：湿地边缘带土壤荒漠化演变中砂粒含量在逐渐上升,粉粒、粘粒含量逐渐下降。这表明湿地边缘带人为的放牧、开垦、牛羊践踏对土壤产生了...     

基于GIS技术的城市暴雨积涝数值模拟与可视化——以哈尔滨市道里区为例

以哈尔滨市道里区为例,通过对城市暴雨积涝条件分析建立了城市暴雨积涝三层空间的概化模型;利用GIS技术作为可视化平台,以水动力学方法采用一维非恒定流对管道内水流进行模拟,以二维非恒定流对地面水流进行模拟,同时耦合一、二维非恒定流模型并结合无结构不规则网格,建立了城市暴雨积涝数值模拟模型,实现了对城市暴雨积涝的水深和积水范围模拟及可视化。     

基于灾害系统的中国南北方雪灾对比研究——以2008年南方冰冻雨雪灾害和2009年北方暴雪灾害为例

基于2008年中国南方低温雨雪冰冻灾害和2009年北方暴雪灾害典型雪灾案例,确定了这两场雪灾影响范围.从区域致灾因子、孕灾环境、承灾体和灾情等方面进行灾害系统对比分析,结果表明:南北方雪灾受灾区域覆盖面积广,重灾区前者为南岭地区,后者为华北平原中部;两场雪灾范围叠加区为南北方过渡地带.南北方雪灾均呈链发式,前者以"雨雪...