钢铁企业废水污染物形态分析及混凝深度处理试验研究

利用过滤试验与粒径分布试验分析了钢铁工业达标外排废水的各类污染物特征,结合正交试验对混凝处理效果及混凝工艺中各主要影响因素的影响情况进行研究。结果表明,废水中颗粒物主要以粗分散胶体和悬浮态物质为主,PAC／PAM联用对钢铁废水具有较好的处理效果,可有效降低主要影响废水回用的铁锰类污染物,还去除了大部分的有机物及磷类等污染物,各项出水水质指标均达到《城市污水再生利用工业用水水质》（GB／T19923—2005）所规定的循环冷却水回用水质标准。     

“混凝沉淀+纳米零价铁”处理印刷电路板生产废水中试研究

提出一种新纳米零价铁反应器(Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Reactor,简称NIR)及"混凝沉淀+纳米零价铁"处理工艺,通过实际生产废水进行中试,考察和研究该工艺和NIR技术处理江苏省某市印刷电路板(Printed Circuit Board,简称PCB)工业园区废水的效果。结果表明,此工艺对PCB生产废水中Cu、TP及COD Cr去除率分别可达到97.3%、73.7%、26%,其中Cu处理效果最佳;XRD结果表明,纳米零价铁(Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron,nZVI)与PCB生产废水反应后含有γ-Fe2O3、Fe3O4、γ-FeOOH、CuO、Cu2O、Cu0等产物。"混凝沉淀+纳米零价铁"工艺处理废水时具有处理效果好、工艺耐冲击性能好、产泥量小、不易造成二次污染等优点。     

Fractionation of residual Al in natural water treatment from reservoir with poly-aluminum-silicate-chloride (PASiC): Effect of OH/Al, Si/Al molar ratios and initial pH

An aluminum fractionation study was conducted for a surface reservoir water treatment to understand the performance of poly-aluminum-silicate-chloride (PASiC) in terms of the residual Al fractions as a function of initial pH. The coagulation performance expressed as turbidity and organic matter removal was established as supporting data. Some extra data were evaluated in terms of the residual Al ratio of the composite PASiC coagulant. The main residual Al sources were the Al fractions derived from the use of PASiC. The turbidity and organic matter removal ability was optimal at initial pH 6.00-7.00, while the concentrations of various residual Al species and the residual Al ratio of PASiC were minimal at an initial pH range of 7.00-8.00. Under the conditions of OH/Al molar ratio = 2.00 and Si/Al molar ratio = 0.05, PASiC had superior coagulation performance and comparatively low residual Al concentrations. The Al fraction in the composite PASiC coagulant seldom remained under such conditions. Experimental data also indicated that the suspended (filterable) Al fraction was the dominant species, and organic-bound or organo-Al complex Al was considered to be the major species of dissolved Al in water treated by PASiC coagulation. Additionally, the dissolved inorganic monomeric Al species dominated the dissolved monomeric Al fraction.     

Optimum conditions for the formation of Al13 polymer and active chlorine in electrolysis process with Ti/RuO2-TiO2 anodes

A polyaluminum containing a high concentration of Al₁₃ polymer and active chlorine (PACC) was successfully synthesized by a new electrochemical reactor using Ti/RuO₂-TiO₂ anodes. PACC can potentially be used as a dual-function chemical reagent for water treatment. The obtained results indicated that the formation of Al₁₃ polymer and active chlorine, were the most active components in PACC responsible for coagulation and disinfection respectively. These components were significantly influenced by electrolyte temperature, current density, and stirring rate. It was observed that high electrolyte temperature favored the formation of Al₁₃. Increasing current density and stirring rate resulted in high current efficiency of chlorine evolution, thus favoring the generation of Al₁₃ and active chlorine in PACC. When the PACC (Al_T = 0.5 mol/L, basicity = 2.3) was prepared at the optimum conditions by electrolysis process, the Al₁₃ polymer and active chlorine in product reached above 70% of Al_T and 4000 mg/L, respectively. In the pilot scale experiment with raw polyaluminum chloride used as an electrolyte, PACC was successfully prepared and produced a high content of Al₁₃ and active chlorine products. The pilot scale experiment demonstrated a potential industrial approach of PACC preparation.     

舟山高浊度海水混凝除浊研究

测定了舟山高浊度海水悬浮物的粒度分布,分析了高浊度海水自由沉降特性,选用氯化铁(FeCl)3、聚合氯化铁(PFC)、聚合硫酸铁(PFS)3种混凝剂,利用正交试验方法对高浊度海水进行混凝沉淀对比试验,采用极差分析方法研究了影响混凝效果的因素。试验结果表明:舟山海域悬浮物组成以粉砂为主,用自然沉降的方法是很难去除;各因素对浊度去除率影响的主次顺序均为:慢搅时间>慢搅速度>快搅时间>快搅速度;对于高浊度海水混凝除浊最佳水力条件为:快搅时间为2 min,快搅速度为300 r/min,慢搅时间为15 min,慢搅速度为60 r/min;聚合硫酸铁是较理想的絮凝剂,最佳投药量范围在15～25 mg/L,对浊度去除率高达99%以上。     

紫外辐射对小球藻混凝效果作用途径探讨

针对藻类在常规水处理过程中难以被有效去除的现状,采用紫外辐射对藻类混凝过程进行强化处理.结果表明,随着紫外照射时间的增加,混凝后对藻细胞和浊度的去除均呈先上升后下降的趋势,并在照射50 min时达到最大值.PAC(聚合氯化铝)投加量为5 mg·L~(-1)时,照射样的除藻率和去浊率达到最大,分别比空白样高20.1%和18%左右.pH值在6~9范围内,紫外辐射强化混凝效果的变化较小.溶液pH=8、紫外照射50 min,混凝后的除藻率和去浊率分别达到了93.5%和90.6%.此时,藻细胞Zeta电位最大,同时释放出藻黏液,有利于混凝沉降.而当紫外照射超过60 min后,出现细胞膜破裂,胞内有机物渗出,使得溶液中的有机物浓度急剧上升,Zeta电位开始下降,不利于后续混凝的进行.     

原水性质对新型含Ca2+复合混凝剂混凝过程的影响

为了提高水处理效率,保证出水水质,需要开发新型高效混凝剂.本实验采用经过Ca2+改性的混凝剂针对不同水样进行混凝实验,考察了浊度、有机物去除、余铝和形成絮体性质.结果表明在纯颗粒物体系中,PACl(聚合氯化铝)和Al Cl3中加入的Ca2+对于浊度去除率无明显影响,在低投加量下能够有效降低沉后水中余铝浓度,Al Cl3做混凝剂,投加量0.10mmol·L~(-1)时,沉后水余铝浓度从0.15 mg·L~(-1)降低到0.10 mg·L~(-1).在腐殖酸体系中,混凝剂中的钙离子可明显降低腐殖酸分子的负电荷,降低沉后水余铝浓度以及增大絮体粒径.对于腐殖酸与蛋白质体系,当投加量为0.16 mmol·L~(-1)时,使用含有Ca2+的PACl做混凝剂时,钙离子的存在使得平衡时絮体粒径增加了大约50μm,可明显改善絮体的沉降性.碱性条件(pH=8.5)下改性混凝剂沉后水中DOC浓度降低0.2~0.6 mg·L~(-1),余铝降低0.4~0.7 mg·L~(-1).酸性条件(pH=5.5)下改性混凝剂沉后水DOC、余铝浓度无明显变化.     

制药废水二级出水中溶解性有机物混凝去除特性研究

制药废水二级出水中溶解性有机物(DOM)由于组成复杂、难去除、具有多异质性和分散性,是污水深度处理与回用的主要去除对象和关键限制因子.本论文以发酵制药废水二级出水的DOM为研究对象,采用投加聚合氯化铝(PAC)混凝剂去除DOM,考察混凝剂投加量和混凝pH值对去除效果的影响,并结合分子量分级、亲疏水性分级以及三维荧光光谱-平行因子分析方法等对DOM进行了系统表征和分析,进一步阐述混凝过程DOM的去除特征.结果表明,PAC投加量为250 mg·L~(-1)、pH=7时,混凝沉淀30 min对DOC、UV_(254)、色度和浊度的去除率分别为13.05%±0.29%、23.65%±0.75%、12.66%±1.34%、63.67%±0.89%;混凝对分子量10 kDa的组分和疏水中性(HON)组分去除效果分别为50.33%±0.98%、21.56%±0.42%,而对分子量1 kDa组分去除率较低为2.26%±0.12%;三维荧光光谱-平行因子分析将制药废水二级出水分为2个类腐殖质组分(C1、C3)和1个类蛋白组分(C2),混凝对类腐殖酸组分(C1)最大荧光强度去除率(F_(max))最高为46.22%,而亲水性的小分子和蛋白类物质混凝去除效果较差.     

高浓度HPAM油田污水模拟水样混凝处理方法的试验研究

本文针对聚合物采油污水的特点，通过对模拟水样的混凝试验研究，研制出一种高效的混凝药剂ＣＧＡ，并对其作用的优化条件和主要影响因素进行了研究。试验结果表明：混凝药剂ＣＧＡ在处理效果和药耗等方面均优于目前通常使用的混凝剂。     

化学氧化-混凝法处理废纸再生造纸废水动态实验

采用 70L/h的装置进行化学氧化法处理废纸造纸废水动态实验。结果表明 ,动态实验的处理效果和操作条件与静态实验基本相符。在KMnO4 加量为 10～ 13mg/L、氧化时间为 2 5min、混凝剂A加量为 16 0～ 2 5 0mg/L、混凝剂B为 5 7～ 6 2mg/L时 ,装置出水CODCr降至 6 0～ 70mg/L、CODCr去除率高达 90 5 %～ 93 6 % ,水质优于国家一级排放标准 (GB35 44 92 )。实验得到了废水在沉降器中的沉降曲线