部分亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化处理磁混凝生活污水

以磁混凝预处理后的生活污水为处理对象,构建了部分亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化分体式反应器,通过曝气调控与生物强化促进部分亚硝化反应的稳定进行,并耦合厌氧氨氧化反应进行深度脱氮.近100d的运行结果表明,在生物强化和间歇曝气的控制条件下,亚硝酸盐积累率达到了89.93%;提高亚硝化反应器中曝气阶段溶解氧浓度（从0.6~0.8mg/L升高至1.0~1.2mg/L）有利于氨氮与总氮去除.该系统最高能够去除95.45%的氨氮和86.28%的总氮,实现了稳定、高效脱氮;磁混凝预处理后的生活污水在亚硝化反应器中,间歇曝气条件促进了残留的溶解性有机物为反硝化提供碳源,COD总去除率达到64.65%~74.42%,并且亚硝化反应器出水与系统最终出水的有机物组分相似,主要为难降解有机物.     

紫外辐射对腐殖酸溶液理化性质及其混凝性能的影响

为探明紫外辐射对腐殖酸溶液在后续混凝过程的促进原理,系统考察了紫外辐射对腐殖酸溶液理化性质的影响规律,以及这些理化性质上的变化对腐殖酸混凝性能的影响.结果表明,经紫外辐射处理后,除Zeta电位外,腐殖酸溶液的p H、色度和黏度均呈现不同程度的下降趋势.进一步研究发现,黏度对腐殖酸溶液的混凝效果影响相对较弱.酸性条件下,腐殖酸溶液的混凝性能明显增加.Zeta电位的增加使得胶体之间更易聚集沉淀.此外,除了相对分子质量为10×10~3~30×10~3和小于1×10~3的腐殖酸所占比例增加外,低分子量腐殖酸所占比重也无明显改变,这可能是紫外辐射后腐殖酸溶液混凝性能不降反增的重要原因.     

Ultrafiltration with in-line coagulation for the removal of natural humic acid and membrane fouling mechanism

Experimental and theoretical analysis were made on the natural humic acid removal and the membrane fouling of ultrafiltration （UF） with in-line coagulation. The results showed dissolved organic carbon （DOC） and UV254 removals by the UF with in-line coagulation at pH 7 were increased from 28% to 53% and 40% to 78% in comparison with direct UF treatment respectively. At the same time, the analysis of high performance liquid chromatography showed that UF with coagulation had significant improvement of removal of humic acid with molecular weights less than 6000 Da in particular. Compared to direct UF, the in-line coagulation UF also kept more constant permeate flux and very slight increase oftransmembrane pressure during a filtration circle. Two typical membrane fouling models were used by inducing two coefficients Kc and Kp corresponding to cake filtration model and pore narrowing model respectively. It was found that membrane fouling by pore-narrowing effect was effectively alleviated and that by cake-filtration was much decreased by in-line coagulation. Under the condition of coagulation prior to ultrafiltration at pH 7, the cake layer formed on the membrane surface became thicker, but the membrane filtration resistance was lower than that at pH 5 with the extension of operation time.     

水中天然有机物混凝过程的光学在线监测及控制

以腐殖酸为去除对象，用光散射颗粒分析仪（PDA）对水中天然有机物的混凝过程进行在线监测，结果表明PDA输出信号（FI曲线）的特征值与絮凝体粒径和有机物去除率之间具有相关性，在弱酸性（pH=5.0)T和中性（pH=7.0)条件下，通过合理控制混凝剂投量，腐殖酸的TOC去除率可达50％，UV254去除率可达80％－90％，但pH=7.0时的投量为pH=5.0的5倍以上，在pH＝5．0的条件下，吸附电和中是有机物混凝的主要机理，但在混凝剂投量非常高的情况下，卷扫絮凝也起重要作用。在pH=7.0条件下，卷扫絮凝则是有机物混凝的主要机理。