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111.
ZHANG Zhong-guo CHEN Zhao-yang LI Yan-zhong FAN Jing-hu FAN Bin LUAN Zhao-kun LU Dao-qiang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2006,18(5):858-863
By increasing particle concentration and G value (root-mean-square velocity gradient) to enhance flocculation, a novel vertical-flow settler was designed to increase sedimentation effectiveness, and to simultaneously improve operational stabilization. Due to the gradual decrease in upward flow-rate of raw water, a floes blanket would form and suspend in the middle section of the settler, not at the bottom as in a conventional clarifier. Enough large floes, resulted from flocculation or fltration, would continuously settle out of the floes blanket, and simultaneously, the floes in raw water or those forming above the blanket would ceaselessly enter the floes blanket. As a result, the floes concentration in the blanket could keep a dynamic balance. The hydrodynamic shear in the blanket was improved by flow separation, which was induced by the abrupt change in flow channel. Due to the floes blanket and improved hydrodynamic shear, flocculation would be enhanced, which was helpful for removing fine particles in raw water. A comparative study showed that the novel vertical-flow settler had a much better performance in the removal of the particles in raw water than a conventional one, when they treated kaolin suspensions of different concentrations (500, 100 and 50 mg/L, respectively) coagulated by polyaluminum chloride(PAC1) at the up-flow rates of 1 and 2 mm/s, respectively. 相似文献
112.
为研究双风机并联机站进口、出口风流相互影响的机站局部阻力特性,构建机站通风局部阻力计算的数学模型,同时运用相似原理建立双风机并联通风机站实验模型,并佐以数值模拟对比验证,分析计算不同风机间距的无量纲数A、不同扩散器结构参数条件下的综合影响系数Kc。结果表明:A与Kc具有二次函数关系,且存在较优的A,使得Kc值最小;Kc值随着L/Df增加而线性减小。研究结果有利于Kc的选取,为高效率通风机站结构设计提供技术及数据支撑。 相似文献
113.
以KMnO_4为氧化剂,Al_2(SO_4)_3·18H_2O为混凝剂,含铁锰离子地下水为模拟用水,考察预氧化强化混凝法的效果。利用响应面设计试验,分析氧化剂投加量、混凝剂投加量和pH值对铁锰去除的交互作用。模型优化结果显示,在氧化剂投加量4.16 mg/L,混凝剂投加量263.68 mg/L,pH值为7.54的最佳工艺参数下,铁锰去除率分别可达98.22%和97.49%。 相似文献
114.
为探究铁磁流体对煤体瓦斯解吸性能的影响,采用水浴恒温吸附解吸系统,开展0.44,0.65,1.14 MPa 3组不同平衡压力下加铁磁流体前后的瓦斯解吸对比实验,根据Langmuir方程经验公式计算瓦斯极限解吸量和初始扩散系数,分析铁磁流体对煤体瓦斯解吸影响的机理。结果表明:在3组不同平衡压力下加入铁磁流体后瓦斯极限解吸量由2.5,10,20 mL/g降低为2.22,3.33,10 mL/g,降低11.2%,66.7%,50%;初始扩散系数由0.997 1,1.629 9,3.888 3 μm2·s降低为0.685 5,0.997 1,2.933 5 μm2·s,降低31.25%,38.82%,24.56%。在铁磁流体的作用下,煤体瓦斯解吸性能得到大幅降低。 相似文献
115.
Sargaonkar A 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,117(1-3):491-503
Non-point source (NPS) pollution is the result of various land use practices such as agriculture, sites of construction and
waste disposal, urban development and so on. The control of NPS pollution is possible by regular monitoring and assessment
on watershed basis to educate people for implementing well-known structural and non-structural measures. Recent trend is to
use GIS based modelling tool for assessment of rainfall-runoff and non-point loading. The approach requires generation and
analysis of basin wide data on various features of land and estimates of Event Mean Concentrations (EMCs) of pollutants in
the runoff. In the present paper, basin wide data in different districts of Tapi basin has been analysed for land use distribution;
fertilizer application; low, medium and high-density habitation; and annual rainfall. Coefficients of runoff have been estimated
considering pervious and impervious area for different land use types, and compared with the reported values for Indian conditions.
The estimated mean annual runoff flow indicated that two districts Jalgaon and Dhule contribute maximum runoff to the Tapi
River. Estimates of EMCs for BOD and nutrients (N and P) in the runoff from various districts are useful in GIS-based modelling
study for NPS pollution assessment. 相似文献
116.
To investigate the effect of temperature on effective diffusion coefficients and retardation factors for Zn and Cd, combined
diffusion and sequential extraction analyses were conducted at 15 ˚C and 55 ˚C. The effective diffusion coefficients of the metals increased up to ten times according to the increased temperature. On
the other hand, the effect of temperature on the retardation factor depended on the retention mechanisms of the metals. The
distribution coefficient for Zn, which was mainly partitioned in the carbonate phase, increased up to two times with the increase
in temperature. On the other hand, the distribution coefficient for Cd, which was mainly partitioned in the exchangeable phase,
was hardly affected by the temperature change. Results of combined diffusion and sequential extraction analysis showed that
the effect of temperature on the heavy metals’ (Zn and Cd) migration through the compacted natural clay was influenced by
the combined effects of the diffusion coefficient and the retardation factor. Additionally, we could also observe the change
in retention mechanism for the metals with the change in pore water concentration. 相似文献
117.
为了提高管网地震监测点布局的准确性和合理性,基于管网微观水力计算模型和动态分级法,提出供水管网震后流量监测点的动态分级优化布局模型。首先,利用管网微观水力计算模型计算管段流量的影响系数,构建管段的影响系数矩阵,并利用信息熵确定管段权重;其次,标准化处理影响系数矩阵,通过聚类迭代提出供水管网地震流量监测点优化布局的动态分级方法,对供水管网震后流量监测点进行优化布置分级评定;最后,根据工程实例进行方法实践,结果表明:供水管网中的管线分类较为科学合理,地震监测点在供水管网上分布也比较均匀,而且该模型在一定程度上消除了人为因素的影响,保障了震时管网的监控效果和日常建设的合理性。 相似文献
118.
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120.
中国省际间农村居民收入结构和收入差距分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在计算基尼系数的基础上,文章得出了改革开放以来中国省际间农村居民收入差距不断扩大的趋势,收入基尼系数从1981年的0.095一直上升到了2003年的0.181,直到近年来,收入差距才开始略有缩小。文章从收入结构的视角研究了省际间农村居民收入差距产生的原因。首先利用1983-2008年较长时期的数据分析了农村居民收入结构的变化,发现从总体上而言,中国各地区农村居民的收入结构均表现出了农业收入比重减少,非农收入比重增加的明显趋势;然后运用基尼系数的分解方法实证分析了不同收入来源对于收入差距的影响,研究发现,工资性收入是差距促增的,是目前中国省际间农村居民收入差距扩大最重要的原因,而家庭经营性收入者起着差距促减的作用,转移性收入和财产性收入的不平等程度较高,但是由于其在总收入中的比例不高,对总的收入差距影响较小。最后,文章提出了缩小省际间农村居民收入差距的政策建议。 相似文献