己内酰胺生产废水的铁碳微电解深度处理与机理研究

采用铁碳微电解方法对己内酰胺生产废水进行深度处理,探讨了pH值、停留时间、铁碳质量比对处理效果的影响。在pH为4、停留时间为120 min、铁碳质量比为4的最佳处理条件下,COD去除率可达57.8%,色度去除率可达68.4%。微电解对己内酰胺废水的作用主要通过铁的絮凝作用,处理过程中的酸性条件、微电解的氧化还原和电场作用,从而提高其去除效率。     

酵母融合菌对Cr的吸附性能及机理分析

研究了酵母融合菌R32对Cr的吸附性能及机理.结果表明,该菌对Cr(Ⅵ)有着很好的吸附效果,最佳吸附条件为pH≤3,投菌量为l0g/L(含水率(78±2)%),吸附温度30～35℃,Cr(Ⅵ)的初始浓度≤20mg/L.当Cr(Ⅵ)的初始浓度为10mg/L时,总铬及Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率达93.7%和96.5%,总铬的残留浓...     

粉煤灰对混合染料的吸附性能研究

以燃煤废弃物粉煤灰作为吸附剂,对活性红23和分散蓝56混合染料溶液进行吸附性能研究.实验结果表明:粉煤灰优先吸附离子型的活性染料,混合溶液中对活性红23的吸附能够在30 min达到平衡,而对分散蓝56的吸附则需要150 min才能够达到平衡,吸附动力学符合准二级吸附模型.在弱酸性环境中粉煤灰对分散染料的脱色高于碱性环境...     

耐冷菌在低温下处理污水的研究进展

低温污水的生物处理一直是水处理领域的难点和热点,由于耐冷菌对温度的适应范围较宽,且在低温下仍然保持较高的代谢活性,因此在污水处理和污染环境生物修复领域中的应用逐渐受到重视。本文介绍了耐冷菌在环境中的分布、主要种类以及适冷机理,概述了耐冷菌在工业废水和生活污水处理中的主要研究进展。指出应进一步开发环境中耐冷菌菌种资源,揭示耐冷菌的冷适应特性和功能表达之间的关系,加强耐冷菌在水体修复与净化领域的理论和应用研究,从而为我国北方尤其是东北地区的水环境保护提供行之有效的新途径。     

Efficacy of two chemical coagulants and three different filtration media on removal of Aspergillus flavus from surface water

Aquatic fungi are common in various aqueous environments and play potentially crucial roles in nutrient and carbon cycling as well as interacting with other organisms. Species of Aspergillus are the most common fungi that occur in water. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the efficacy of two coagulants, aluminum sulfate and ferric chloride, used at different concentrations to treat drinking water, in removing Aspergillusflavus, as well as testing three different filtration media： sand, activated carbon, and ceramic granules, for their removal of fungi from water. The results revealed that both coagulants were effective in removing fungi and decreasing the turbidity of drinking water, and turbidity decreased with increasing coagulant concentration. Also, at the highest concentration of the coagulants, A. flavus was decreased by 99.6% in the treated water. Among ceramic granules, activated carbon, and sand used as media for water filtration, the sand and activated carbon filters were more effective in removing A.flavus than ceramic granules while simultaneously decreasing the turbidity levels in the test water samples. Post-treatment total organic carbon （TOC） and total nitrogen （TN） concentrations in the experimental water did not decrease; on the contrary, TN concentrations increased with the increasing dosage of coagulants. The filtration process had no effect in reducing TOC and TN in tested water.     

Review of the progress in preparing nano Ti02： An important environmental engineering material

TiO2 nanomaterial is promising with its high potential and outstanding performance in photocatalytic environmental applications, such as CO2 conversion, water treatment, and air quality control. For many of these applications, the particle size, crystal structure and phase, porosity, and surface area influence the activity of TiO2 dramatically. TiO2 nanomaterials with special structures and morphologies, such as nanospheres, nanowires, nanotubes, nanorods, and nanoflowers are thus synthesized due to their desired characteristics. With an emphasis on the different morphologies of TiO2 and the influence factors in the synthesis, this review summarizes fourteen TiO2 preparation methods, such as the sol-gel method, solvothermal method, and reverse micelle method. The TiO2 formation mechanisms, the advantages and disadvantages of the preparation methods, and the photocatalytic environmental application examples are proposed as well.     

紫外辐射对小分子有机酸化学凝聚性作用途径探讨

通过烧杯实验系统考察了紫外辐射对脂肪羧酸类和酚酸类小分子有机酸的化学凝聚性的作用途径.结果表明,溶液pH对柠檬酸、草酸、酒石酸和丁二酸等脂肪羧酸类有机物的混凝性能影响较小.紫外辐射处理后,脂肪羧酸类小分子有机物的混凝去除率均高于未经紫外辐射处理的水样.进一步研究表明,紫外辐射过程中发生了光化学反应,使得脂肪羧酸的表面负电性降低,进而提高了其化学凝聚性.与脂肪类小分子有机酸不同,苯酚、水杨酸和苯甲酸的化学凝聚性较差,且受紫外辐射过程的影响小.单宁酸的混凝性能较好,pH=6时的去除率最高可达90%以上,这可能与其分子中脂肪酸碳链结构的存在以及单宁酸分子较大,易与PACl的水解产物发生吸附电中和反应有关.     

压力强化混凝除藻工艺中藻毒素安全性研究

为了研究预压力强化混凝沉淀蓝藻水处理工艺中,外加压力是否会引起藻细胞破裂,导致细胞内藻毒素泄漏到水体中,影响供水安全,实验对比研究了预压力和预氧化含藻水后藻毒素浓度的变化,以及预压力混凝沉淀和预氧化混凝沉淀除藻工艺中藻毒素浓度的变化和藻类去除效果.结果表明,含藻水经0.4~0.8 MPa压力加压后,水中藻毒素浓度没有增加,而次氯酸钠预氧化后水中藻毒素浓度大幅度增加.在0.5~0.8 MPa压力范围内,加压后混凝沉淀取得了较好的除藻除浊效果,蓝藻去除率达到90%~93.5%,浊度1.23~1.95 NTU,而次氯酸钠预氧化混凝沉淀后,蓝藻去除率56.2%~78.8%,浊度8.01~10.7 NTU,说明压力强化混凝沉淀除藻工艺是安全有效的.     

垂直流人工湿地LDHs覆膜改性沸石基质强化除磷效果及其机制

采用碱性水热-共沉淀法,将6种金属化合物(CaCl2、ZnCl2、MgCl2、FeCl3、AlCl3、CoCl3)两两组合生成9种不同类型的层状双金属氢氧化物并覆膜于常用垂直流人工湿地沸石基质表面;利用分别填充原始沸石及9种LDHs覆膜改性沸石基质的模拟垂直流人工湿地小试系统进行除磷净化实验,并结合10种沸石基质的等温吸附实验结果,对LDHs覆膜改性沸石基质的强化除磷机制进行研究.结果表明,相对于原始沸石基质,9种不同组合方式生成的LDHs覆膜改性沸石基质除磷效果均有不同程度的提高;Zn2+参与合成的改性基质除磷效果优良,其中ZnFe-LDHs改性沸石基质对总磷、溶解性总磷及磷酸盐的平均去除率超过90%,其最大理论吸附量达到了原始沸石基质的3倍;LDHs覆膜改性沸石基质通过增加化学吸附容量、提高物理吸附能力达到强化除磷效果的目的.     

明矾石在水体微藻去除中的应用研究

以温州市某大学校区内富营养化水体为研究对象,采用本地明矾石对含藻水体进行混凝除藻、除浊实验研究,分别进行投加量、搅拌强度、搅拌时间、静置时间及pH值对微藻去除效率的影响研究,以获得处理工艺的最佳条件,为恢复河流水体生态自净功能提供理论基础.试验中对投加明矾石前后,水体中浊度、总磷、氨氮和总氮进行了测定,结果表明：明矾石最佳投加量为0.35 g/L,最佳搅拌方式为200 rpm搅拌4 min;最佳静置时间为25 min;在碱性或中性水体的处理效果尤佳.