Efficiency in Welsh coal mining: A comment

Comparison of labour productivities and wage-to-price ratios suggests that the Coal Board's behaviour was not profit-maximizing. This does not make the use of production functions to determine optimal scale very relevant. In particular, the current debates about efficiency and closures cannot be approached solely or mainly from production function analysis.     

淮河以南若干中小城市燃料煤硫品位的控制标准

采用国家二级标准（０．１５ｍｇ．ｍ＾－３）作为南方中小城市的环境标准值，硫品位标准应控制在１．３２％以下。对比南方各中小城市１９８７年使用的煤硫品位，在９８个城市中，有４４个城市符合标准，另有５４个城市应控制高硫煤使用量或应用脱硫技术，以减少大气中ＳＯ２浓度。     

Farmers as modern-day stewards and the rise of new rural citizenship in the battle over land use

A decade ago, scholars such as Michael Woods suggested that mobilisation in response to development in rural spaces was the result of a redefinition of relations between individuals, communities and the State. This remains true with the rural representing a contested site characterised by debates concerning food and fibre, water and energy security. With the recent deployment of new energy technologies in areas traditionally used for agricultural production, increased confrontation and resistance over land use has forged unlikely alliances between farmers, environmentalists and concerned others, ultimately leading to the rise of a new form of rural citizenship. In the Australian state of New South Wales (NSW) where resistance to burgeoning coal seam gas operations has become the customary response of many rural communities, environmentalists and concerned others are mobilising in support of farmers, who self-identify as modern-day stewards and are actively working to protect a resource hierarchy of water, land and soil against industries believed to be putting these at risk. Adopting a qualitative case-study approach, this paper examines how residents and supporters in the regional Shire of Narrabri in NSW have responded to what many see as competing land uses. We argue that values traditionally associated with stewardship and rurality are being revalorised by citizens to actively oppose the visions of the State, which seek to prioritise extractive development over other alternate futures. We contend that this rise in rural relations represents a significant shift in the notion of citizens as “inhabitants” and presents a new and enduring form of agency.     

包裹块石煤固氟燃料制备工艺研究

以石灰或烧制白云岩与粘土、低氟无烟煤粉作为包裹材料,通过正交试验方法,对陕西省紫阳县蒿坪镇高氟块状石煤进行了固氟效果研究。结果表明,影响包裹石煤固氟效果的主要因素是无烟煤粉和石灰,影响顺序是无烟煤粉>石灰>粘土。最佳制备工艺条件为石煤块∶无烟煤粉∶石灰∶粘土=70∶10∶10∶5,固氟率达91.9%。     

煤矸石对盐碱土壤理化性质的改良效果

盐碱土壤物理结构差,植物成活率低,煤矸石具有改善盐碱土壤物理结构和化学性质的潜力,将煤矸石应用于盐碱地,能够达到煤矸石废弃资源循环利用和盐碱地改良的双重效果。为阐明煤矸石对盐碱土壤的改良效果和对土壤物理化学性质的影响,将不同用量(0、10%、20%、30%、40%、50%)和不同粒径(小粒径<1 mm、中粒径1—5 mm、大粒径>5 mm以及小中大等比例混合粒径)煤矸石施用于盐碱土壤,通过紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)盆栽试验,测定土壤的物理化学性质。结果表明,随着煤矸石用量的增加,紫花苜蓿株高和生物量呈现先增后减的趋势,20%用量煤矸石处理的株高和生物量分别比对照平均提高了21.45%和25.89%;团聚体平均重量直径(MWD)呈现先减后增再减的趋势;土壤饱和含水量、田间持水量呈现先稳定后降低的趋势;土壤EC值、pH值、碱解氮含量呈现持续降低的趋势,其中20%用量煤矸石处理的土壤pH比对照平均下降了0.51个pH单位;土壤总碳、总氮、总磷、有效磷含量呈现持续上升的趋势。从粒径角度考虑,对土壤EC、pH降幅以及团聚体含量、总养分、速效养分含量,小粒径>混合粒径≈中粒径>大粒径。土壤综合指数(SQI)随煤矸石用量增加先升后降;各粒径煤矸石处理下的SQI峰值大小表现为小粒径>混合粒径>中粒径>大粒径;20%用量下小粒径和混合粒径煤矸石处理的土壤SQI最高,分别比对照显著提高了68.27%和57.13%。综上,煤矸石可以改良盐碱土壤质量,促进植物生长,20%用量的小粒径和混合粒径煤矸石效果最好。     

电催化氧化技术处理煤气化废水

采用电催化氧化技术处理煤气化废水一级生化出水,考察了pH值、槽电压、水力停留时间、曝气量对处理效果的影响,将实验条件优化得到其最佳反应条件为:进水pH值为6.0~6.5,槽电压取值为15 V,水力停留时间为2 h,曝气量为5 m3/(m2·h)。在此最优条件下,煤气化废水一级生化出水的COD去除效率达到80%,色度去除效率达到90%。这表明,电催化氧化技术能够降解废水中的有机组分,还能破坏其内部的发色基团,作为煤气化废水一级生化出水的深度处理方法效果显著,成本低廉,出水能达标排放。     

燃煤电厂氟污染与治理对策

本文以一个包含干湿两种除尘系统的高氟煤源的电厂为例,研究了电厂的氟迁移转化规律和氟污染源对周围环境的影响。并提出了综合治理电厂氟污染的对策。研究表明：湿法除尘系统的氟污染物主要是渣氟、水氟,而干法除尘系统主要是渣氟和气氟;小麦氟含量与大气中氟显著相关;灰场附近的地表水受到灰水的氟污染,部分潜水井受到了灰场渗水的污染,部分灰场土壤受到大气氟污染。     

大气污染控制中高梯度磁分离技术的研究与应用

本文概述了高梯度磁分离技术在燃煤脱硫除灰、烟气除尘方面的应用与研究进展以及超导磁分离技术在燃煤脱硫方面的研究,并展望了超导磁分离技术在环境保护中的应用前景。     

1025t/h煤粉炉燃烧方式对NOx排放影响的试验研究

介绍了煤粉燃烧过程中NOx产生的机理和火力发电厂降低NOx排放的主要控制技术，并对某1025t／h四角切圆锅炉燃烧方式对NOx排放的影响进行了考察，提出了降低NOx排放的合理运行方式。     

顺应国家政策走向,积极脱硝促进燃煤火电和谐发展——电力集团脱硝战略浅析

控制NOx排放是电力企业在建设资源节约型和环境友好型社会中的一项重要工作.分析了我国NOx排放状况以及控制政策的发展趋势,并对新的电力工业体制下,建立以电力集团为责任主体和组织核心的NOx控制战略和规划提出了一些建议.