用高精度磁测圈定煤田自燃区的应用效果

煤田自燃在中国北方非常普遍,每年都给中国的煤炭资源以及生态环境造成重大损失。为控制和监测煤田自燃,须对其自燃边界进行圈定。煤层自燃后产生“热剩磁”,基于这一理论,运用高精度磁测圈定了西北某煤田自燃区的边界范围,并建立了“倾斜磁化有限延伸的板状体”模型进行正演。由钻孔验证的结果来看,高精度磁测圈定煤田自燃区边界范围的应用效果良好。     

煤炭行业推行清洁生产的紧迫性及对策研究

通过对煤炭资源开发利用特征及其对生态环境破坏的现状分析,说明煤炭开采造成的生态破坏已成为我国可持续发展的制约因素.分析了煤炭行业推行清洁生产的必要性,并根据当前煤炭行业清洁生产中存在的问题,提出相应的对策.     

气候变化对江苏省城市系统用电量变化趋势的影响

江苏省是长江流域经济发展领先的地区,在其社会经济快速发展、人民生活水平迅速提高和电力供应有限的情况下,气候变化加剧了电力需求的紧张局面。根据江苏省50年来的用电量资料和1985年以来夏季平均温度距平资料,分析了城市系统用电量在随社会经济发展增长的同时,因气候异常特别是因夏季高温波动而引起的居民和城市系统用电量的变化。结果发现,夏季高温异常是居民和城市系统用电量增加的重要气候因子,指出未来气候变暖可能导致电力需求更加严峻的形势。对于现阶段长江流域各地区电力工业和国民经济的可持续发展具有科学意义和参考价值。     

上海城区典型空气污染过程中细颗粒污染特征研究

采集了上海城区2009年10月10~21日期间2次空气污染过程的样品,在对污染过程分析的基础上,着重分析了PM2.5及其化学组分的变化,探讨了污染源及形成机制.研究表明,14日的灰霾过程主要由本地排放的污染物二次转化形成,PM2.5占PM10比重超过60%且PM2.5中离子组分含量高.17~19日的浮尘过程中,受北方沙尘影响本市粗颗粒浓度上升,PM2.5所占比重下降,二次离子组分从细颗粒物向粗颗粒物转移且Ca2+浓度上升,同时受到长江三角洲区域秸秆焚烧的影响,细颗粒物中K+, EC和OC含量高.因此,应在控制本地源排放的同时,加强对细颗粒尤其是二次细颗粒污染及其前体物的协同控制.     

Restoration of hyper-eutrophic water with a modularized and air adjustable constructed submerged plant bed

A modularized and air adjustable constructed submerged plant bed (CSPB) which can be used to restore the eutrophic water is introduced in this paper. This plant bed helps hydrophyte grow under poor conditions such as frequently changed water depth, impaired water transparency, algae bloom and substantial duckweed in summer, which are not naturally suitable for growing hydrophyte. This pilot study in Waihuan River of Tianjin, China, revealed that reduction of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP) by the use of CSPB could be reached 30%–35%, 35%–40%, 30%–40% respectively in the growing season (from March to October) and 5%–10%, 5%–15%, 7%–20% respectively in the winter (from November to February) when the detention time was 6 d. The relationships between the concentration of COD, TN, TP and the detention time fit the first-order kinetic equation well and the coefficients of determination (R²) were all above 0.9. The attenuation coefficients k of the kinetic equation were a function of the water temperature. When the water temperature was quite low or quite high, k was not significantly changed with increasing or decreasing water temperature. While when the temperature was in a moderate range, an increase or decrease of water temperature would lead to a rapid increase or decrease in k.     

湿式电除尘技术及其在电厂的应用前景探讨

作为大气复合污染物控制系统的终瑞精处理技术装备,湿式电除尘器可用于控制PM2.5、酸雾、气溶胶、亚微米颗粒物、汞、重金属及二恶英等污染物的排放。论述了湿式电除尘器的工作原理、技术特点、结构及设计形式,探讨了湿式电除尘器在我国燃煤电厂的应用前景。     

Biodegradation of paclobutrazol by a microbial consortium isolated from industrially contaminated sediment

Biodegradability of the plant growth retardant paclobutrazol by a microbial consortium in which Pseudomonas was the predominant strain was investigated in batch culture. The consortium which had been isolated from an industrially contaminated sediment was proven to be useful for the treatment of effluents containing paclobutrazol. Paclobutrazol was degraded by the pure isolated strain of Pseudomonas sp. as well as the microbial consortium. Paclobutrazol was utilized as the sole source of carbon and energy. Sixty percent of the paclobutrazol was degraded by the microbial consortium from an initial concentration of 54 mg L^?1 within 48 h and more than 98% of an initial concentration of 3.4 mg L^?1 was degraded within 36 h. The optimum temperature and pH were determined to be 30°C and 7.0, respectively. A pure strain of a bacterium, isolated from the enrichment culture was identified as Pseudomonas sp. The microbial consortium was tolerant of high pH and could degrade paclobutrazol faster than the pure strain. The degradation rate of this plant growth regulator in an aerobic environment was greater than that under anaerobic conditions.     

Indoor and outdoor air pollution and lung cancer in New Hampshire and Vermont

Indoor and outdoor air pollution is known to contribute to increased lung cancer incidence. This study is the first to address the contribution of home heating fuel and geographical course particulate matter (PM₁₀) concentrations to lung cancer rates in New Hampshire, USA. First, Pearson correlation analysis and geographically weighted regression were used to investigate spatial relationships between outdoor PM₁₀ and lung cancer rates. While the aforementioned analyses did not indicate a significant contribution of PM₁₀ to lung cancer in the state, there was a trend towards a significant association in the northern and southwestern regions of the state. Second, case-control data were used to estimate the contributions of indoor pollution and secondhand smoke to the risk of lung cancer with adjustment for confounders. Increased risk was found among those who used wood or coal to heat their homes for more than 10 winters before the age of 18, with a significant increase in risk per winter. Resulting data suggest that further investigation of the relationship between heating-related air pollution levels and lung cancer risk is needed.     

Comparative efficacy of certain plant extracts alone and combination with profenofos against Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Ethyl alcohol, acetone, and petroleum ether extracts of three plant species belonging to three different botanical families [Strychnos nux-vomica (Loganiaceae), Euphorbia lathyrus (Euphorbiaceae), and Datura stramonlum (Solanaceae)], a chemical insecticide; profenofos and their combinations were tested against second and fourth instars of Spodoptera littoralis under lab conditions. Results revealed that the ethanol extract of S. nux-vomica was the most effective among all plant extracts, where the corrected mortality% were 92, 81, 58, and 27% to 2nd instar and 89, 74, 34, and 11% to 4th instar at concentrations 0.5, 0.25, 0.125, and 0.0625%, respectively. Calculated LC₅₀'s were 0.11, 0.22, and 0.34% to 2nd instar and 0.17, 0.37, and 0.52% to 4th instar for ethanol, petroleum ether, and acetone extracts, respectively. Acetone extracts of all plants were of lower effect. The chemical insecticide profenofos displayed higher efficacy than plant extracts (LC₅₀ = 0.002 and 0.003% for S. littoralis 2nd and 4th larval instars, respectively). The co-toxicity factor reached 76 and 60 when mixing S. nux-vomica + profenofos and D. stramonlum + profenofos at ratio 1:1 against S. littoralis 2nd instar larvae, thus indicating a potentiating effect. While treatment of the 4th instar larvae by the same mixtures resulted in a co-toxicity factor below 20 at all mixing ratios indicating, only, an additive effect against this instar.     

Mercury pollution in the Sonbhadra district of Uttar Pradesh,India, and its health impacts

The Sonbhadra district in the Singrauli area of Uttar Pradesh, India, has many coal mines and thermal power plants and is a critically polluted area. Many residents of this area reported adverse health conditions which may be linked to metal pollution, especially of mercury investigated here.

In May 2012, samples of water (23), soil (7), blood, hair, and nails from persons showing adverse health conditions selected at random were collected and analyzed for total mercury by atomic absorption spectrometry.

Twenty percent drinking water samples contained mercury from 3 to 26 μg L^?1 (3–26 times the permissible limit). Soil samples had 0.5–10.1 mg kg^?1 Hg.

The average concentrations of mercury in human blood, hair, and nails were found to be 34 μg L^?1, 7.4 mg kg^?1, and 0.8 mg kg^?1, respectively. Mercury concentrations in the blood of these persons were 45 and 28 μg L^?1 on average in the case of men and women. This is much higher than the safe level of 5.8 μg L^?1 set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).

It was concluded that all residents of Sonbhadra sampled could be suffering from mercury toxicity as the area is polluted by Hg released from the coal-fired thermal power plants.