低温取芯过程热传递方式的数值模拟和实验研究

为了研究热量在低温取芯过程中传递的方式,以型煤为研究对象,使用自制低温取芯模拟装置,通过实验并结合数值模拟,对低温取芯过程热量传递方式进行研究,进而分析煤芯温度的变化规律。研究结果表明:甲烷的存在降低了煤样的热交换速率,使煤芯温度变化滞后于煤样罐壁温度变化;煤体内部温度分布存在差异,煤样中心轴线不同半径处的圆柱面构成变温过程的等温面,在降温过程,热量沿径向由煤样内部向外部传递,升温过程,热量沿径向由外部向内部传递;低温取芯过程热量传递同时存在3种方式:热传导、热对流,煤体表面与罐体内壁表面之间的热辐射,以热传导方式为主。     

供风量对褐煤自燃极限参数的影响研究

为研究不同供风量对褐煤自燃特性的影响规律,选取平庄瑞安煤矿褐煤作为试验煤样,利用程序升温试验和气相色谱仪,研究低温氧化阶段不同供风量条件下褐煤自燃极限参数与温度、供风量之间的变化规律。结果表明:温度在40~120℃时,随着供风量增大,褐煤的最小浮煤厚度和下限氧浓度降低,上限漏风强度增加;温度在120~200℃,供风量为40~80 mL/min和160~200 mL/min时,随着供风量的增加,其最小浮煤厚度和下限氧浓度增加,上限漏风强度减少;供风量为80~160 mL/min时,在供风量增大的情况下,褐煤的最小浮煤厚度和下限氧浓度降低,上限漏风强度增加;随着供风量减小,煤样临界点温度降低。     

深部开采钻孔校验中钻进速度对钻杆转速影响的试验研究

通过对钻孔过程中的钻头破煤机理及影响钻杆转速变化的因素进行理论分析,提出了钻进速度与钻杆转速的对应变化关系,并利用钻进装置、加载装置及自主研制的钻孔多参量测试装置进行试验分析,验证了利用钻杆转速法测定煤体应力大小的可行性,同时对不同钻进速度下钻杆转速的变化规律进行研究。结果表明:在钻头、钻杆、煤岩体参数及钻孔前钻杆空转转速一定时,钻杆转速与钻进速度大致呈现负指数的函数关系,钻进速度越小,钻杆转速越大,反之,钻杆转速越小。研究钻进速度对钻杆转速的影响,可以减少利用转速指标对冲击地压等动力灾害的预测误差,实现高效预警。     

皮带输煤暗道通风排尘改造方案优化研究

为了解决皮带输煤暗道运输过程中粉尘污染严重及冬季供暖不足问题,对暗道通风供热系统进行了优化改造研究。以中煤平朔安家岭264输煤暗道为例,基于气固两相流理论,利用CFD模拟方法,对暗道内由风速对悬浮粉尘浓度分布的影响规律进行数值仿真。模拟结果显示:当输煤暗道排尘风速由0.25 m/s升至0.35 m/s时,粉尘浓度降为3.2 mg/m3,暗道最大通风阻力为245.94 Pa,最低换热量747.68 kW。基于数值模拟结果,从3种优化方案中选定一压一抽联合式通风除尘方案进行改造,现场实测除尘效果良好,表明所提出的输煤暗道通风除尘方案具有实践指导意义。     

松散煤岩体钻封注耦合注浆锚固机理与试验研究

针对松散煤岩体巷道钻孔成孔困难、锚固力低的问题,提出了钻封注分次注浆时空耦合加固方法,实现了钻孔内“全长封孔+带压注浆”,分析了钻封注分次注浆加固技术原理,研发了自钻锚杆、封孔及加固注浆材料,其封孔材料具有膨胀性大、强度大和凝固时间快等特点,注浆加固材料具有速凝早强、流动性好、固结效果好及强度较高等优点。研究结果表明:全长封孔后带压注浆,浆液扩散半径大,钻封注锚杆锚固力相对于数脂锚固提高1倍以上,表明钻封注分次注浆加固技术具有较高的应用价值。     

厌氧型甲烷氧化菌降解煤吸附甲烷实验研究

以贵州六枝特区龙岭煤矿大巷中泥样作为厌氧型甲烷氧化菌富集源,以甲烷作为培养过程中唯一碳源,从中筛选出可以在低氧(1.99%)或无氧条件下对甲烷具有较高降解效能的菌种,并自主开发出甲烷氧化菌降解煤吸附甲烷实验分析系统。实验结果表明,在压力为1~5 MPa范围内无论是低氧或无氧状况下,甲烷压力越大越有利于其降解;稀氧条件下煤样对甲烷的吸附量相对于纯甲烷气体吸附量有所降低,然而在同等压力条件下稀氧环境中二氧化碳的增加量及甲烷的降解率都要明显大于无氧条件下,低氧状况下甲烷的最高降解率为47%,最大二氧化碳生成量可达40 cm^3。     

中等变质程度软硬煤瓦斯放散规律研究

自主设计了煤粒瓦斯吸附-放散试验系统,以郑煤集团告成煤矿普遍存在的中等变质程度贫瘦软硬煤为研究对象,对比分析了贫瘦煤软硬煤前120 min瓦斯解吸规律,试验结果表明,瓦斯解吸初期软煤的解吸速度都大于硬煤的解吸速度,软煤在前30 min解吸量占总解吸累积量的84.07%以上,而硬煤仅为67.76%;对比了多种描述瓦斯解吸-扩散过程的经验公式,发现孙重旭式和文特式拟合效果最好,且相关指数的变化范围较小。     

Ecotoxicological implications of aquatic disposal of coal combustion residues in the United States: a review

We provide an overview of research related to environmental effects of disposal of coal combustion residues (CCR) in sites in the United States. Our focus is on aspects of CCR that have the potential to negatively influence aquatic organisms and thehealth of aquatic ecosystems. We identify major issues of concern, as well as areas in need of further investigation.Intentional or accidental release of CCR into aquatic systemshas generally been associated with deleterious environmental effects. A large number of metals and trace elements are presentin CCR, some of which are rapidly accumulated to high concentrations by aquatic organisms. Moreover, a variety of biological responses have been observed in organisms following exposure to and accumulation of CCR-related contaminants. In some vertebrates and invertebrates, CCR exposure has led to numerous histopathological, behavioral, and physiological (reproductive, energetic, and endocrinological) effects. Fish kills and extirpation of some fish species have been associatedwith CCR release, as have indirect effects on survival and growth of aquatic animals mediated by changes in resource abundance or quality. Recovery of CCR-impacted sites can be extremely slow due to continued cycling of contaminants withinthe system, even in sites that only received CCR effluents forshort periods of time. The literature synthesis reveals important considerations for future investigations of CCR-impacted sites. Many studies have examined biological responses to CCR with respect to Se concentrations and accumulation because of teratogenic andreproductively toxic effects known to be associated with thiselement. However, the complex mixture of metals and traceelements characteristic of CCR suggests that biologicalassessments of many CCR-contaminated habitats should examine avariety of inorganic compounds in sediments, water, and tissuesbefore causation can be linked to individual CCR components. Most evaluations of effects of CCR in aquatic environments havefocused on lentic systems and the populations of animalsoccupying them. Much less is known about CCR effects in loticsystems, in which the contaminants may be transported downstream,diluted or concentrated in downstream areas, and accumulated bymore transient species. Although some research has examinedaccumulation and effects of contaminants on terrestrial and avianspecies that visit CCR-impacted aquatic sites, more extensiveresearch is also needed in this area. Effects in terrestrial orsemiaquatic species range from accumulation and maternal transferof elements to complete recruitment failure, suggesting that CCReffects need to be examined both within and outside of theaquatic habitats into which CCR is released. Requiring specialattention are waterfowl and amphibians that use CCR-contaminatedsites during specific seasons or life stages and are highlydependent on aquatic habitat quality during those periods.Whether accidentally discharged into natural aquatic systems or present in impoundments that attract wildlife, CCR appears topresent significant risks to aquatic and semiaquatic organisms. Effects may be as subtle as changes in physiology or as drasticas extirpation of entire populations. When examined as a whole,research on responses of aquatic organisms to CCR suggests thatreducing the use of disposal methods that include an aquaticslurry phase may alleviate some environmental risks associatedwith the waste products.     

多因素下开洞口煤仓风致积雪CFD模拟及拟合研究

为解决结构设计时开洞口圆形煤仓表面无法确定荷载分布系数问题,使用计算流体力学软件研究了开洞口煤仓不同跨度下风向角、积雪厚度及矢跨比变化下屋面积雪不均匀分布情况,提出了针对此种特殊结构的屋面积雪值拟合公式。研究结果表明:此公式拟合准确度高,屋面积雪值随风向角和积雪厚度增大而变大,风向角对积雪值影响极大,矢跨比影响下屋面积雪值变化较为复杂,且风向角和矢跨比2种参数相互影响,不应单一考虑矢跨比对球壳屋面积雪值的影响。     

Study on difference of outburst elimination effect between sub-layers of soft coal and hard coal under the condition of gas per-drainage

The effect of drainage and outburst elimination are obviously different between soft and hard coal sub-layers under per-drainage of coal seam, and hence, the location of per-drainage borehole related to the soft sub-layer is the key that determines whether the outburst can be eliminated in whole coal seam. This paper discusses the differences between soft and hard coal from fields of pore radius distribution, pore structure, surface area and permeability, and the per-drainage effect was numerical simulated under different distance between per-drainage hole and soft sub-layer. Moreover, the optimum hole arrangement of outburst elimination is given in the paper. The result of research shows that the macro-pore with aperture that is larger than 50,000 nm, is dominant at about 50% in hard coal, correspondingly, the micro-pore with aperture less than 100 nm accounts for about 41.23% in soft coal. The surface area of soft coal is 1.6 times as that of hard coal. The residual gas content in soft coal sub-layer is obviously more than it in hard coal sub-layer under the same pre-drainage condition. To 5.5 m-thick coal seams which top is a soft coal sub-layer of 0.5 m-thick, pre-drainage gas can eliminate danger of gas outburst in whole coal seam at the seam time after 455 days drainage when the per-drainage holes are 1.0 m distances from the soft coal sub-layer.