论我国酒精工业推行清洁生产的潜力和机会

通过分析我国酒精工业现状和存在的清洁生产潜力,针对我国酒精工业主要的工艺环节提出其潜在的清洁生产机会、相应的污染预防措施、技术要求与环境和经济效益。      

Evaluation of the levels and sources of trace elements in urban particulate matter

An assessment of air quality of Belgrade, Serbia, was performed by determining the trace element content in airborne daily PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 samples collected from a central urban area. The ambient concentrations of Zn were the highest in PM_2.5 (1,998.0 ng m⁻³). Multivariate receptor modelling (principal component analysis and cluster analysis) has been applied to determine the contribution of different sources of specific metallic components in airborne particles. The obtained results showed that vehicle traffic and fossil fuel combustion in stationary objects were the main sources of trace metals in Belgrade urban aerosols.     

Tributyltin pollution in sediments from Alexandria's coastal areas

Presence of Tributyltin (TBT) in Alexandria’s coastal water areas has been demonstrated by measuring concentrations of this compound. The TBT was measured in sediments from three docking areas namely: Western Harbour, Eastern Harbour and Abu Qir Bay. The sediment of those areas has been affected by marine traffic and other industrial activities. This is reflected by the distribution of TBT in the sediments nearby the shipyards in the three docking areas of the region where the average values of 258.6 ηg TBT/g for Western Harbour; 126.4 ηg TBT/g dw for Abu Qir Bay and 42.3 ηg TBT/g dw for the Eastern Harbour were recorded. This fact reflects the effect of industry and marine traffic on the marine environments of the Alexandria region.     

Inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectroscopy in air and water pollution analysis†

The inductively coupled plasma (ICP), when employed as an excitation source in optical atomic emission spec.troscopy (AES), is finding widespread utilization for single and multielement inorganic trace analysis of pollutants. The recent availability of commercial ICP‐AES instrument systems has stimulated applications for the determination of metals and metalloids in diverse materials ranging from air particulates and fly ash to industrial effluents, sewage, and hard, soft, and saline waters.

The capabilities and limitations of ICP‐AES for applications in air and water pollution analysis are reviewed, and a number of recent examples presented.     

小清河水体中有机污染物的测定及其扩散迁移初探

对山东省小清河流域的地表水、地下水、底泥、土壤、农作物等进行了有机化合物的系统分析,检出有机化合物13类93种。对其毒性效应以及在环境中的扩散、迁移进行了分析和探讨。      

威海市秋季VOCs污染特征及来源解析

为探究威海市秋季挥发性有机物（VOCs）污染特征及来源,于2021年9月10—20日采用手工加密监测法对威海市秋季大气中VOCs进行监测,分析了气象因素对臭氧（O₃）及其前体物的影响和VOCs污染特征,并利用正交矩阵因子模型（PMF）方法对VOCs来源进行了研究。结果表明,威海市温度对O₃生成影响明显,尤其是高温、低湿、扩散较差气象条件下,有利于O₃前体物的反应消耗,促使O₃生成及累积。观测期间,威海市秋季φ（VOCs）平均值为47.84×10^-9,VOCs中体积分数占比最高的为含氧挥发性有机物（OVOCs）,占比为58.0%,其次为烷烃（21.6%）、卤代烃（10.2%）。O₃生成潜势（OFP）平均值为393.95μg/m³,对OFP的贡献占比最高的为OVOCs（74.1%）,其次为芳香烃（12.6%）、烷烃（7.0%）和烯烃（5.4%）。PMF源解析结果显示,机动车尾气排放源、工艺过程源、船舶尾气排放源和溶剂使用源是威海市秋季VOCs排放主要来源,贡献占比分别为30.4%,23.9%,21.1%,16.5%。控制机动车排放和工艺过程排放是控制威海市秋季VOCs污染的重要途径。     

苏州河污染支流--绥宁河生物修复试验研究

采用曝气复氧、投加高效微生物菌剂及生物促生液、放养水生植物等构建的组合生物修复技术,对苏州河严重污染支流——绥宁河进行原位污染治理和生态恢复工程试验。结果表明,严重污染的水体消除了黑臭,水体COD平均下降50％以上,DO平均升高2mg/L左右、透明度平均增加10cm以上;单一工程措施的修复效果不及组合技术。试验期间,主要微生物指标以及底泥有机质含量未发生显著变化,说明河流生态的彻底恢复还有待时日。     

城市降雨径流污染控制与管理模式

介绍了城市雨水径流最佳管理模式国内外研究现状,以北京城区的研究为基础,探讨适合我国城市降雨径流污染控制与管理模式框架,突出强调技术措施和非技术措施相结合、总量控制和源头控制的技术路线和体系,展望了我国径流污染控制的方向。     

Avian Mortality at Oil Pits in the United States: A Review of the Problem and Efforts for Its Solution

Oil production operations produce waste fluids that may be stored in pits, open tanks, and other sites accessible to wildlife. Birds visit these fluid-filled pits and tanks (“oil pits”), which often resemble water sources, and may become trapped and die. The US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) has a program to reduce these impacts by locating problem pits, documenting mortality of protected wildlife species, and seeking cleanup or corrective action at problem pits with the help of state and federal agencies regulating the oil industry. Species identification and verification of protected status for birds recovered from oil pits are performed at the USFWS National Fish and Wildlife Forensics Laboratory. From 1992 to 2005, a minimum of 2060 individual birds were identified from remains recovered from oil pits, representing 172 species from 44 families. The taxonomic and ecological diversity of these birds indicates that oil pits pose a threat to virtually all species of birds that encounter them. Ninety-two percent of identified bird remains belonged to protected species. Most remains identified at the Forensics Laboratory were from passerines, particularly ground-foraging species. Based on Forensics Laboratory and USFWS field data, oil pits currently cause the deaths of 500,000–1 million birds per year. Although law enforcement and industry efforts have produced genuine progress on this issue, oil pits remain a significant source of mortality for birds in the United States.