用造纸污泥制备改性木质素磺酸钠

以甲醛作改性剂,用造纸污泥制备改性木质素磺酸钠,通过正交实验考察了各种因素对改性木质素磺酸钠减水性能的影响。实验结果表明：木质素磺酸钠进行羟甲基化反应时,在10g粗品木质素中加入甲醛7mL、反应温度为45℃、反应液pH为10—11的最佳条件下,改性木质素磺酸钠的减水率为25．2％。经测试,改性木质素磺酸钠的各项性能指标均达到普通减水剂的国家标准要求。     

动态膜-生物反应器中新型预涂剂的抗污染特性研究

对动态膜技术中的预涂剂进行了拓展研究,通过聚乙烯醇(PVA)与戊二醛(GA)的乳化交联制备新型预涂剂——PVA微球,分析交联反应机理,并通过PVA微球对产生膜污染主要物质EPS的吸附实验分析其抗污染特性.结果表明,乳化交联过程中主要发生的是半缩醛反应,PVA胶团的羟基数量实质上没有大量减少,PVA微球仍然保持良好的亲水性能,而且其表面呈现的电负性能够对活性污泥絮体产生静电排斥作用, PVA微球对活性污泥中蛋白质和多糖的吸附率稳定且较低,分别为0 .543 mg·g^-1和0 .694 mg·g^-1,从微观上延缓了膜污染.预涂液中微球的粒径在1 .14 μm左右,其不同浓度的Zeta电位都小于-39 mV,具有良好的稳定性,能够快速稳定地沉积在多孔底膜的表面和孔道内壁上,试验中采用SEM分析了PVA微球及其在工业滤布内部纤维丝上形成动态膜的表观形貌.     

氟石膏废渣改性生产粉刷石膏研究

氟石膏是化工生产排出的废渣,主要物相组成为Ⅱ型无水石膏(CaSO4)。以氟石膏为原料,掺加激发剂进行改性,辅以适量保水剂、掺合料、引气剂等外加剂,磨细混匀后即得建筑抹灰用粉刷石膏。经测试,粉刷石膏的技术性能指标均符合国家行业标准要求。氟石膏废渣改性生产粉刷石膏既有利于环境保护,又能获得良好的经济效益,是其资源化利用的一条新途径。     

Non-UV based germicidal activity of metal-doped TiO2 coating on solid surfaces

A stain-based screening method was developed to screen different catalyst coatings for their germicidal activity. A Baclight dead/live bacteria viability kit （invitrogen, molecular probes） was used for staining the cell. The screening was carried out following a standard procedure. This included loading cell suspension to solid surface and maintaining contact for 30 min, then staining with a mixture containing dyes. The stained cells were observed using an epifluorescent microscope and photographed with a CCD camera under UV. Metal-doped TiO2 coatings on AI plates were prepared and tested for non-UV germicidal activity without using UV. It was tested using model microorganisms such as Bakers Yeast （Saccharomyces cerevisiae）, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas putida, and Escherichia coli. On the basis of the germicidal activity of catalyst and the degree of damage caused to the cells, the stained cells may appear green （viable）, green with red or yellow nuclei and yellow （compromised） or red （nonviable）. According to their stained color, cells were counted to calculate the percentage of dead, live, and compromised cells. Compromised cells are cells that grow very slowly after reculturing indicating a degree of reversible cell damage. Screening the germicidal activity using this staining method is accurate and efficient, and requires less time than the culture-based method. A modification to the procedure for measuring germicidal activity of rough surfaces or fibrous coatings was developed. Both TiO2 and metal-doped TiO2 （Ag, Pt, Au, Cu） possess non-UV based germicidal activity. The germicidal activity of TiO2 was found to be related with its wetting property and can be improved by UV irradiation before testing. It is not greatly affected by contact time, indicating a fast acting germicidal activity.     

Improvement of the antifouling characteristics in a bioreactor of polypropylene microporous membrane by the adsorption of Tween 20

Surface modification by physical adsorption of Tween 20 was accomplished on polypropylene microporous membranes (PPMMs). Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR/FT-IR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to characterize the chemical and morphological changes on the membrane surfaces. Water contact angles and relative pure water fluxes were measured. The data showed that the hydrophilic performance for the modified membranes increased with the increase in the adsorption amount of Tween 20 onto the surface or into the pores of polypropylene microporous membranes. To test the antifouling property of the membranes by the adsorption of Tween 20 in a membrane bioreactor (MBR), filtration for active sludge was performed using synthetic wastewater. With the help of the data of water fluxes and the FE-SEM photos of the modified PPMMs before or after operating in a MBR for about 12 d, the PPMMs with monolayer adsorption of Tween 20 showed higher remained flux and stronger antifouling ability than unmodified membrane and other modification membranes studied.     

SZD/2-1600型组合式电除尘器在西北高寒地区水泥磨上的应用

介绍了SZD/2—1600型组合式静电除尘器的优良性能及特点。通过现场实践与改进,着重介绍了该技术的运用效果及几点体会,意在进一步推广该技术的应用。     

洱海沉积物重金属地球化学相及其污染历史研究

高原封闭、半封闭型湖泊是气候和环境演化的敏感指示器，其沉积物记录具有连续性、敏感性和高分辨率的特点。高原湖泊沉积记录在恢复和重塑各种短时间尺度（千年、百年、十年）的气候和环境演化序列上，具有其它自然历史记录无法替代的优势，尤其在揭示近代环境污染历史方面更有其独到之处。本文通过对洱海沉积物重金属地球化学相的研究，利用因子分析方法，识别了沉积物重金属的主要来源和影响其分布的主要因素，即：流域侵蚀作用、大气沉降作用、工业废水与生活污水的排放，以及早期成岩作用。同时，结合沉积物柱芯210PBex计年结果，本文初步评价了洱海150多年来的重金属污染历史：1958年以来．因为化石燃料使用量的增加．洱海湖区大气污染日趋严重；1982年后，由于西洱河水电站的建成运行和湖区植被的破坏，流域侵蚀作用显著加强，应当引起重视。     

改性PAC的制备及其对染料废水脱色的实验研究

通过用改性絮凝剂对酸性黑210#进行脱色,研究了在改性PAC(引入SO42-)中加入了PAM,改进其絮凝性能的工艺条件.结果表明,改性过程中,改性PAC和PAM的最佳比是240:1,适宜的改性时间和改性温度分别是2 h和50℃.改性产品与市售聚合氯化铝相比,可在较少的投加量时达到较高的脱色率.     

天然植物单宁季铵盐改性絮凝剂的制备和性能评价

用植物单宁和二甲胺、甲醛及环氧氯丙烷进行季铵化反应 ,制得了JK A和JK B两种阳离子絮凝剂。测试了产品的红外光谱 ,并对两种絮凝剂处理效果进行了比较     

Enhanced photo--catalytic activity of gold ion and gold modified

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