2-萘胺的代谢及其活化机理的研究

经诱导的大鼠肝微粒体S9制剂与2-萘胺一起培养,代谢产物经鉴定有以下4种:2-氨基—5-萘酚,2-氨基—6-萘酚,2-氨基—7萘酚和2-氨基—8-萘酚,其生成数量不等.2-萘胺的8-,5-,6-和7-位酚的相对含量依次为52.6％,28.5％,14.0％和4.9％.上述的比例与用双区理论计算和推导的结果是一致的,表明在代谢中芳胺的氨基与异环碳皆起着活化与脱毒的双重作用.     

焦炭产业生态化建设研究——以孝义焦炭产业为例

孝义市焦炭产业在规模不断壮大的同时,面临着严重的资源浪费和环境污染问题.本文应用代谢分析方法对产业链中主要元素碳和元素硫进行代谢分析,找出元素代谢关键环节,为焦炭产业生态链设计提供依据.在此基础上,依据循环经济理念和工业生态理论构建出孝义焦炭产业生态工业网络体系,指明孝义焦炭产业未来发展方向.     

2－硝基芴大鼠肝微粒体体外代谢研究

初步研究了在通风条件下，经Ａｒｏｃｌｏｒ１２５４诱导的大鼠肝微粒体酶对２－硝基芴的体外代谢。通过液相色谱、气相色谱、质谱、紫外光谱及红外光谱，首次分离和检测出单羟芴和二羟基芴等代谢产物，但未测得明显的硝基还原代谢产物。     

Neonatal form of the hyperornithinaemia,hyperammonaemia, and homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome and prenatal diagnosis

We describe here the first case of neonatal death due to the hyperornithinaemia, hyperammonaemia, and homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome and the first prenatal diagnosis of this disorder in a subsequent pregnancy in this family.     

Lipophilicity and Metabolic Route Prediction of Imidazolium Ionic Liquids * (6 pp)

- Aims and Background. Ionic liquid application in industry will offer several excellent solutions, but it also means that they will enter the environment sooner or later. Responsible product design should always take into consideration not only technological demands, but also the risks arising out of possible toxicity and ecotoxicity. In our strategy we are aiming to understand the fate of these entities through their life cycle in the environment as a complimentary element of their design. This paper presents results on the lipophilicity of selected imidazolium ionic liquids, a parameter that plays a key role in environmental and biological distribution. Additionally, the prediction of the most stable metabolite of a 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (BMIM) cation – a congener representative of this group of compounds is presented. Materials and Methods Lipophilicity was evaluated by means of reversed phase and immobilized artificial membrane chromatography and further compared to calculated data. Theoretical prediction of lipophilicity was undertaken using fragmental methodology combined with manual calculations of the geometric bond factor for quaternary ammonium and the electronic bond factor due to the presence of a charge. Results and Discussion All the substances studied are characterized by very low partition coefficients, and lipophilicity varies linearly with elongation of the n-alkyl chain. Prediction of metabolic routes was based solely on thermodynamic data of the radical intermediates formed during the reaction with the cytochrome P450 system. The energetically most stable radical structure is generated by hydrogen abstraction from the gamma position of the BMIM cation. Conclusions and Recommendations. The experimentally measured and theoretically estimated lipophilicity coefficients obtained for all the compounds studied generally indicate a relatively low lipophilicity and thus preferable partition to the aqueous phase. By means of thermodynamic data, it was also confirmed that the energetically most stable radical structure is generated by hydrogen abstraction from the gamma position on the alkyl chain in the 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cation, as a result of which the C1 atom is preferentially oxidized. - * The basis of this peer-reviewed paper is a presentation at the 9th FECS Conference on 'Chemistry and Environment', 29 August to 1 September 2004, Bordeaux, France.     

除草剂阿特拉津的环境毒理研究进展

叙述了阿特拉津的应用概况及其在生产实践中所存在问题;阿特拉津在生物体内和环境中的降解代谢过程。综述了近年来国内外在阿特拉津的残留分析方法、环境毒理学和微生物降解等方面的研究进展。     

Mechanism on minimization of excess sludge in oxic-settlinganaerobic (OSA) process

The oxic-settling-anaerobic (OSA) process is a promising wastewater treatment technique for efficiently reducing sludge production and improving the stability of process operation. In this paper, the possible factors of sludge reduction such as sludge decay, uncoupled metabolism, and anaerobic oxidation with low sludge production were discussed in the OSA process. It has been confirmed that sludge decay is the decisive cause in the OSA process, accounting for 66.7% of sludge production reduction. Sludge decay includes hydrolysis and acidogenesis of dead microorganisms and particle organic carbon adsorbed in sludge floc and endogenous metabolism. By batch experiments, it has been proven that there is energetic uncoupling in the OSA system since microorganisms were exposed to alternative anaerobic and aerobic environment. It accounts for about 7.5% of sludge production reduction. Soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) released from the anaerobic sludge tank in the OSA process was used as the substrate for cryptic growth. The substrate was used for anoxic denitrifying, anaerobic phosphorus release, sulfate reduction, and methane production. These anaerobic reactions in the sludge anaerobic tank have lower sludge production than in the aerobic oxidation when equivalent SCOD is consumed, which may lead to approximately 23% of sludge reduction in the OSA process. It has been concluded that multiple causes resulted in the minimization of excess sludge in the OSA system. The microbial community structure and diversity of sludge samples from the CAS (conventional activated sludge) and OSA systems were investigated by 16 SrDNA PCR-DG-DGGE (polymerase chain reaction-double gradient-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis). DGGE profile and cluster analysis showed more abundant species in the OSA system contrasting to microbial communities in the CAS system.     

甲霜灵在土壤－烟草系统中的残留与归宿

在田间生态箱中研究了（１４）Ｃ－甲霜灵在土壤—烟草系统中的迁移与归宿。实验结果表明，甲霜灵在实验土壤中的移动，主要受水分运动影响，在土体中甲霜灵甲醇提取残留的半衰期为２～３周，总残留的半衰则为５周，结合残留占总残留的百分比随时间的延长而递增，到第６周时可达到２３．１％。烟草可以通过根系吸收土壤中的甲霜灵，并表现出一定的富集作用，甲醇提取残留浓度从第２周开始下降，半衰期为１～２周，到第６周时为５．３５ｍｇ／ｋｇ。在甲醇提取物中发现一种降解产物。甲霜灵甲醇捉取残留在土壤—烟草中的行为可用两库示踪动力学模型描述。     

单甲脒在大鼠体内的吸收,代谢和排出的研究

大鼠经口灌喂单甲脒后，通过测定实验动物不同时间的血、尿及内脏中单甲脒和代谢产物２，４－二甲基苯胺的含量，研究了单甲脒在大鼠体内的呼收、代谢和排出的变化规律。单甲脒经消化道被迅速吸收，４８ｈ内９０％在肝脏代谢转化。７２ｈ内９０％以代谢产物的形式随尿液排出体外。     

大麦秆控藻研究进展

大量实验研究证明：大麦秆是一种很具前景的抑藻物。它能有效控制引起水体富营养化的各种藻类生长，优化水生生物的组成结构。例如水体中放入大麦秆可以增加无脊椎动物以及鱼类的数量，从而达到改善水生生态系统的目的。大麦秆的抑藻机理非常复杂，研究已经排除了营养物质以及大麦秆上遗留杀虫剂对藻的抑制作用。现在除了传统所认为物理和生物机理外，最为认可是化学机理，即大麦秆在有氧降解过程中能产生的诸如酚类、酯类、蒽醌类活性物质，它们能够很好的抑制藻类生长，但是确切的有效化学物质的提取还需要通过GC/MS等方法进一步研究。在小型水体，尤其是鱼类养殖水体中可以直接施用大麦秆以改善水体。总之大麦秆是一种环境友好、生态安全、经济适用的有效控藻物质，应用前景广阔。